Japans Genpei War, 1180 - 1185

Japan's Genpei War, 1180 - 1185 Date: 1180-1185 Area: Honshu and Kyushu, Japan Result: Minamoto faction wins and nearly clears out Taira; Heian period finishes and Kamakura shogunate starts The Genpei War (likewise romanized as Gempei War) in Japan was the main clash between huge samurai factions. Although it happened about 1,000 years prior, individuals today despite everything recollect the names and achievements of a portion of the extraordinary warriors who battled in this common war. Once in a while contrasted and Englands War of the Roses, the Genpei War highlighted two families battling for power. White was the faction shade of the Minamoto, similar to the House of York, while the Taira utilized red like the Lancasters. However, the Genpei War originated before the Wars of the Roses by 300 years. In expansion, the Minamoto and Taira were not battling to take the seat of Japan; rather, each needed to control the majestic progression. Lead-up to the War The Taira and Minamoto factions were rival real influencers. They tried to control the sovereigns by having their own preferred competitors take the throne. In the Hogen Disturbance of 1156 and the Heiji Disturbance of 1160, however, it was the Taira who came out on top.â The two families had girls who had hitched into the majestic line. However, after the Taira triumphs in the unsettling influences, Taira no Kiyomori turned into the Minister of State; thus, he had the option to guarantee that his girls three-year-old child turned into the following ruler in March of 1180. It was the enthronement of little Emperor Antoku that drove the Minamoto to revolt. War Breaks Out On May 5, 1180, Minamoto Yoritomo and his supported contender for the seat, Prince Mochihito, conveyed a call to war. They revitalized samurai families identified with or aligned with the Minamoto, just as warrior priests from different Buddhist monasteries. By June 15, Minister Kiyomori had given a warrant for his capture, so Prince Mochihito had to escape Kyoto and look for asylum in the religious community of Mii-dera. With a huge number of Taira troops walking toward the cloister, the ruler and 300 Minamoto warriors dashed south toward Nara, where extra warrior priests would fortify them. The depleted sovereign needed to stop to rest, in any case, so the Minamoto powers took asylum with the priests at the effectively solid religious community of Byodo-in. They trusted that priests from Nara would show up to strengthen them before the Taira armed force did. Just on the off chance that, in any case, they tore the boards from the main extension over the waterway to Byodo-in. From the outset light the following day, June 20, the Taira armed force walked discreetly up to Byodo-in, covered up by thick fog. The Minamoto out of nowhere heard the Taira war-cryâ and answered with their own. A savage fight followed, with priests and samurai terminating bolts through the fog at one another. Soldiers from the Tairas partners, the Ashikaga, forded the waterway and squeezed the attack. Prince Mochihito attempted to get away to Nara in the tumult, yet the Taira found him and executed him. The Nara priests walking toward Byodo-in heard that they were past the point where it is possible to support the Minamoto, and turned back. Minamoto Yorimasa, in the interim, submitted the primary old style seppuku ever, composing a demise sonnet on his war-fan, and afterward cutting open his own mid-region. It appeared that the Minamoto revolt and hence the Genpei War had arrived at a sudden end. In retaliation, the Taira sacked and consumed the religious communities that had offered help to the Minamoto, butchering a large number of priests and consuming Kofuku-ji and Todai-ji in Nara to the ground. Yoritomo Takes Over The authority of the Minamoto tribe went to the 33-year-old Minamoto no Yoritomo, who was living as a prisoner in the home of a Taira-partnered family. Yoritomo before long discovered that there was an abundance on his head. He composed some neighborhood Minamoto partners, and got away from the Taira, however lost a large portion of his little armed force in the Battle of Ishibashiyama on September 14. Yoritomo got away with his life, escaping into the forested areas with Taira followers close behind.â Yoritomo made it to the town of Kamakura, which was determinedly Minamoto territory. He brought in fortifications from the entirety of the partnered families in the area. On November 9, 1180, at the purported Battle of the Fujigawa (Fuji River), the Minamoto and partners confronted an over-broadened Taira army. With helpless administration and long gracefully lines, the Taira chose to pull back to Kyoto without offering a fight.â An amusing and likely misrepresented record of the occasions at Fujigawa in the Heiki Monogatari claims that a group of water-fowl on the stream swamps was begun trip in the night. Hearing the roar of their wings, the Taira fighters froze and fled, getting bows without bolts or taking their bolts yet leaving their bows. The record even cases that Taira troops were mounting fastened creatures and getting them ready so they jogged all around the post to which they were tied. Whatever the genuine reason for the Taira retreat, there followed a two-year calm in the fighting. Japan confronted a progression of dry spells and floods that crushed the rice and grain crops in 1180 and 1181. Famine and malady assaulted the open country; an expected 100,000 died. Many individuals accused the Taira, who had butchered priests and torched temples. They accepted that the Taira had cut down the rage of the divine beings with their iconoclastic activities, and noticed that Minamoto lands didn't endure as gravely as those constrained by the Taira. Battling started again in July of 1182, and the Minamoto had another victor called Yoshinaka, a harsh cut cousin of Yoritomos, yet a fantastic general. As Minamoto Yoshinaka won encounters against the Tairaâ and thought about walking on Kyoto, Yoritomo became progressively worried about his cousins ambitions. He sent a military against Yoshinaka in the spring of 1183, yet the different sides figured out how to arrange a settlement as opposed to battling each other. Luckily for them, the Taira were in disarray. They had recruited a tremendous armed force, walking forward on May 10, 1183, however were complicated to such an extent that their food ran out only nine miles east of Kyoto. The officials requested the recruits to loot food as they went from their own areas, which were simply recouping from the famine. This provoked mass departures. As they entered Minamoto domain, the Taira isolated their military into two forces. Minamoto Yoshinaka figured out how to draw the bigger segment into a restricted valley; at the Battle of Kurikara, as indicated by the legends, Seventy thousand horsemen of the Taira perish[ed], covered in this one profound valley; the mountain streams ran with their blood... This would demonstrate the defining moment in the Genpei War. Minamoto In-Fighting Kyoto emitted in alarm at the updates on the Taira rout in Kurikara. On August 14, 1183, the Taira fled the capital. They brought the majority of the supreme family, including the kid ruler, and the crown jewels. Three days after the fact, Yoshinakas part of the Minamoto armed force walked into Kyoto, joined by the previous Emperor Go-Shirakawa. Yoritomo was close to as terrified as the Taira were by his cousins triumphal march. However, Yoshinaka before long earned the scorn of the residents of Kyoto, permitting his soldiers to plunder and loot individuals paying little mind to their political affiliation. In February of 1184, Yoshinaka heard that Yoritomos armed force was going to the money to oust him, drove by another cousin, Yoritomos elegant more youthful sibling Minamoto Yoshitsune. Yoshitsunes men immediately dispatched Yoshinakas army. Yoshinakas spouse, the celebrated female samurai Tomoe Gozen, is said to have gotten away subsequent to accepting a head as a trophy. Yoshinaka himself was guillotined while attempting to escape on February 21, 1184. End of the War and Aftermath: What survived from the Taira follower armed force withdrew into their heartland. It set aside the Minamoto some effort to wipe them up. Almost a year after Yoshitsune removed his cousin from Kyoto, in February of 1185, the Minamoto held onto the Taira post and make-move capital at Yashima.â On March 24, 1185, the last significant clash of the Genpei War took place. It was a maritime fight in the Shimonoseki Strait, a half-day take on called the Conflict of Dan-no-ura. Minamoto no Yoshitsune directed his groups armada of 800 boats, while Taira no Munemori drove the Taira armada, 500 strong. The Taira were increasingly acquainted with the tides and flows in the territory, so at first had the option to encompass the bigger Minamoto armada and pin them down with long-go bows and arrows shots. The armadas shut in for hand-to-hand battle, with samurai jumping on board their rivals ships and battling with long and short swords. As the fight wore on, the changing tide constrained the Taira dispatches facing the rough coastline, sought after by the Minamoto armada. At the point when the tides of fight betrayed them, as it were, a considerable lot of the Taira samurai hopped into the ocean to suffocate instead of being slaughtered by the Minamoto. The seven-year-old Emperor Antoku and his grandma likewise bounced in and perished. Local individuals accept that little crabs that live in the Shimonoseki Strait are controlled by the apparitions of the Taira samurai; the crabs have an example on their shells that seems as though a samurais face. After the Genpei War, Minamoto Yoritomo framed the first bakufu and managed as Japans first shogun from his capital at Kamakura. The Kamakura shogunate was the first of different bakufu that would control the nation until 1868â when the Meiji Restoration returned political capacity to the rulers. Unexpectedly, inside thirty years of the Minamoto triumph in the Genpei War, political force would be usurped from them by officials (shikken) from the Hojo clan. And who wer

Problems With the ACT and SAT Essay -- Standardized Testing Essays

All through secondary school and school we will experience a huge measure of testing however why? Testing is utilized to show a person’s measure of information on a specific subject. Generally it’s for one explicit subject and not a greater part of them, the state sanctioned tests incorporate every single testable subject as in English, math, science, composing, and perusing. In any case, before we would all be able to start our school vocations we need to step through one of two exams, the ACT or the SAT. These two tests decide the school you get into, the measure of grants you will get, and even whether your will be acknowledged into any school. These government sanctioned tests are utilized by schools since they find that it is a simple method to test a student’s capacity. In any case, the issue in doing this is for instance, the ACT is every one of numerous decision. Tests, for example, these don't give the alternative to incorporate worded input to show that you at any rate know something about the subject. Numerous decision tests have this issue, they can’t test the data that an individual completely knows, it just tests whether they picked the correct answer or perhaps just got it. With just a large number of numerous decision addresses it very well may be anything but difficult to get a â€Å"good† score or a â€Å"bad† score. That’s why these tests are imperfect, the outcomes they show don’t demonstrate anything or truly show anything so far as that is concerned. In this way, utilizing these long numerous decision tests are what college’s consider to be an impression of a student’s grades during their first year at school. The test creator itself clarifies that evaluation point midpoints during secondary school paint a superior picture than their tests (The ACT: Biased, Inaccurate, and Misused 1). College’s utilize these state sanctioned tests as a snappy proportion of capacity. Be that as it may, a test can't explo... ...Blemish. 2014. Kohn, Alfie. N.p.. Web. 25 Mar 2014. . (Kohn) The ACT: Biased, Inaccurate, and Misused. Fair Test. FairTest, 20 Aug 2007. Web. 25 Mar 2014. . (The ACT: Biased, Inaccurate, and Misused) Meaghan, Diane, and Francois Casas. Inclination in state administered testing and the abuse of grades: Exposing the Achilles impact point of training change. Canadian Center Policy Alternatives, 2004. 35-50. digital book. (Meaghan and Casas 35-50)

Individuality in Sula

Singularity in Sula Free Online Research Papers People are frequently carrying on with a schedule based life, living their lives everyday without demonstrating their real nature since society curbs independence. In Sula, by Toni Morrison, Nel is likewise curbed as an individual and is never permitted to show to the Bottom people group who she truly is. She turned into an individual just when she was with Sula, her closest companion. Through occasions, for example, confronting menaces, the requirement for singularity, and the sex outrages, Sula is seen as a negative power in the network, yet she turns into a positive power in Nel’s life by helping her acknowledge what her identity is and what she can turn into. Sula turned into a positive power in Nel’s life at a youthful age. At the point when the two of them were twelve years of age, Nel was tormented by three Irish young men on her route home from school and from that point forward, had begun taking a more extended way to return home. Sula, incapable to see her produced companion not remain to the domineering jerks, chose to take the circumstance upon her. At some point, Sula recommended returning home from the most brief course and they were by and by stood up to by the domineering jerks. At the point when the young men began hassling them, Sula pulled out a blade and record and remove the finish of her own finger. She stated, â€Å"If I can do that to myself, what you assume I’ll do to you?† (55). Sula volunteered to help her companion Nel through the emergency she was confronting. This made Sula a positive power not just in light of the fact that she picked up boldness to make the right decision and helped her com panion, she additionally gave Nel the fearlessness to go to bat for herself. Albeit self-hurt is depicted contrarily, Sula showed it in a positive way. At the point when Sula understood her requirement for uniqueness and opportunity, she attempted to bring Nel to understand something very similar: life isn't tied in with doing what society anticipates that you should do; it’s about doing what you need to do. At the point when she returned following ten years, she quarreled with Eva over her uniqueness. Sula stated, â€Å"I don’t need to make no one else. I need to make myself†¦ Whatever’s consuming in me is mine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (92-93). From this announcement, Sula makes it realized that she is in certainty her own individual, her own individual. Nel understands that after Sula’s return, each part of life is progressively significant and agreeable. She even expresses that Sula â€Å"never contended; she just helped other people characterize themselves† (95). From this announcement, Nel sees Sula as a positive power in her life. Nel acknowledged what her identity was and what she was to become w ith the assistance of her companion. Without her, Nel could never have discovered her actual personality. Sex embarrassments are seen adversely by the whole Bottom people group, including Nel. All through the book, Sula is viewed as an extreme individual and this is clear when she lays down with Nel’s spouse, Jude. Despite the fact that Nel understands the profound bond she imparts to Sula, she can't force herself to pardon the lady who laid down with her better half. Nel sees that Sula just lives for herself, while Nel lives for her significant other and youngsters. She in the long run split away from Sula, saying that â€Å"greater than her kinship was this new inclination of being required by somebody who saw her singly† (84). Sula, hurt by this announcement and attempting one final time to revive uniqueness inside Nel, engaged in sexual relations with Jude. In spite of the fact that Nel understood this numerous years after Sula had passed on, Sula was a positive power in her life when she laid down with Jude since it made her fully aware of the way that it was Nel that removed herself from her companion. Despite the fact that what Sula did caused her much torment, it gave Nel an opportunity to acknowledge what was generally significant in her life. How individuals see others is just a matter of their point of view. The inhabitants of the Bottom considered Sula to be a negative power in their lives in light of the manner in which she acted, for example, submitting infidelity. Yet, one individual considered her to be a positive power, her closest companion Nel. At long last, much after she had lost her closest companion, Sula kept on having a beneficial outcome in Nel’s life. Morrison, Toni. Sula. New York: Plume, 1996. Print. Statement â€Å"Although it was only she who saw this enchantment, she didn't marvel at it. She realized it was all due to Sula’s come back to the Bottom. It resembled recovering the utilization of an eye, having a waterfall evacuated. Her old companion had gotten back home. Sula. Who made her giggle, who made her see old things with new eyes, in whose nearness she felt shrewd, delicate somewhat classless. Sula, whose past she had survived and with whom the present was a consistent sharing of perceptions.† (Sula, 95) Research Papers on Individuality in SulaHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Spring and AutumnWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThree Concepts of PsychodynamicLifes What IfsAssess the significance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Research into International NGOs - Free Essay Example

The major findings wereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  The strategic approach identified by NGO towards anti-trafficking measures is relevant to and supports NGOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mandate of addressing Violence against Women (VAW). It synchronizes with MDGs, Global VAW strategy, SAARC Convention, CEDAW article 6, BPfA and the New Aid Environment for Gender Equality. UNIFEMs Programme on anti-trafficking is catalytic, context specific, integrated with a more holistic and gender-sensitive approaches in comparison to other UN agencies like UNICEF, UNODC and ILO. Partners selected by UNIFEM have the requisite experience in the field and technical competence for combating human trafficking. Interventions and project activities implemented were strategically relevant with spatiotemporal coverage from the perspectives of source, route and demand areas. The stakeholders and beneficiaries selected were strategically relevant and spatially distributed. GO-NGO consider NGOs role relevant in awareness and knowledge generation on trafficking of women and Children. The major outcomes and impact wereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Regional Cooperation and linkages on anti-trafficking measures have made marginal progress Improvement in legal framework and policy change towards combating trafficking of women and children is only nominal There is no evidence of increase in recording of incidences of crime under Immoral Trafficking (Prevention) Act 1956 The number of arrests, prosecution and convictions do not reflect any distinct improvement, as was envisaged under the programme Trafficking cases in the beneficiary villages are less as compared to the non-beneficiary villages due to increased public awareness Attitudinal change towards survivor victims and their children have been observed in the beneficiary areas as a result of programme interventions Psycho-social counselling and skill development measures promoted by the programme have infused self confidence among the beneficiary victims Border vigilance has been effective in reducing human trafficking cases in the programme intervention areas NGO supervised shelter homes/rehabilitation centres provide better living conditions, educational avenues and skill development capacities International NGOs in the anti-trafficking movement hold opposing views on the issue of legalizing prostitution as a strategy for combating trafficking. It is of the view that while trafficking should be eradicated, legalizing prostitution could reduce trafficking, based on the premise that it is the illegality of the work that makes trafficking the major form of recruitment for the sex industry. Another NGO who opposes this view argues that prostitution should continue to be an illegal activity and that legalization would not eradicate the systemic control of female sexuality by males. Opposing NGO adamantly opposes legalization on the grounds that prostitution reduces all women to sex. They further argue that in poorer countries where women are ill-educated and socially discriminated, legalizing prostitution would help recruiters, who would no longer have to evade the law. It also points out that the trafficked women would not be conversant of the law, especially if they are traf ficked to foreign countries and would not likely be in a position to control the terms and conditions of their work. The current U.S. Government policy is firmly against legalizing prostitution. The Presidentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s National Security Directive on Human Trafficking of 25 February 2003 notes, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Prostitution and related activity, which are inherently harmful and de-humanizing contribute to the phenomenon of trafficking in persons, as do sex tourism, which is an estimated US$1 billion per year business per year.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Accordingly, USAID notes, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Organizations advocating prostitution as an employment choice or which support the legalization of prostitution are not appropriate partners of USAID anti-trafficking grants or contracts.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  It is interesting to note that Thailand, which is in Tier 3 of the TIPS Report, is currently debating the issue of legalizing prostitution. It is among the ideas proposed by the think tank, Nati onal Economic and Social Development (NESDB), in February 2003 in order to turn underground businesses into legal ones and boost state revenues. The proponents of legalization of prostitution in Thailand have argued that it will reduce corruption of an underground economy and will help curb the risks of sexually transmitted diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, because the government and AIDS activists will have access to brothels. While the supply side of the commercial sex trade, consisting of the female sex worker, has become the main focus of sex trafficking discourse, the male-dominant demand side is less researched, analysed and much less visible. It is a demand driven industry and any successful anti-trafficking strategy needs to understand the demand in all its ramifications. The growth of the billion-dollar sex and entertainment industry is thriving because the male need to purchase female sex is tolerated as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“necessary evil.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  While the male dominanc e of the institutions that nurture the demand for commercial sex, such as the entertainment industry, tourism, crime syndicates, the Internet, and the military are well known, how the demand is created for prostitution by the male clients is taken for granted as evidenced by Lernerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s description as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"naturalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ by-product of human social formation needing no explanation.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  There is obviously a methodological flaw on gathering data from the male clients. In focusing on eliminating the vulnerability of women to trafficking and prostitution, the discourse on the topic has a female bias. Women mainly gather data on male clients from women who are in the sex trade. Women find it difficult to access the networks of male clients and the nature of the discourse is such that clients have the anonymity that female sex workers do not. It is imperative that if anti-trafficking strategies are to be successful globally, the methodology should incorporate men gathering data from other men in order to obtain a comprehensive analytical view of the processes of socialization of male demand for commercial sex. It is interesting to note that when Sweden introduced laws in 1999 to criminalize men who purchase sex, while decriminalizing female prostitutes, the incidence of female sex trafficking dropped. It was, however, noted that while the demand for prostitution decreased in Sweden, it increased in neighbouring countries. The male clients simply went somewhere else. International Organization for Migration (IOM) has field offices in the majority of countries in Eastern Europe and the CIS IOM approaches trafficking from a migration perspective. The organisationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interventions include assistance to victims, awareness-raising campaigns, data collection, and research. Recent initiatives supported by IOM include a number of projects in the CEE and the CIS: Preventing trafficking of people for sexual exploitation in Croatia; Assistance for the return of victims of trafficking who are stranded in the Balkans; Reintegration support network for victims of trafficking who have returned to Albania; Establishment of a network of shelters for trafficking victims in Serbia and Montenegro, to mention a few. In CIS, the IOM conducted research projects collecting information on human trafficking and supporting projects in Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Kyrgyz Republic, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan to provide aid to victims of trafficking and training to social welfare and law enforcement agencies in dealing with trafficking victims. The Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), concerned with the human rights aspect of trafficking, have launched a number of anti-trafficking initiatives that cover a wide range of thematic issues, particularly legislative reform, law enforcement, and public awareness. In July 2003 OSCE adopted an Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, urging states to take a range of specific measures such as liberalising labour markets to create greater job opportunities particularly for women and providing social and economic assistance to victims. The OSCE ODIHR produced a Reference Guide for Anti-Trafficking Legislative Review and Reform, also available in Russian, is a valuable tool for raising awareness about the complexity of the trafficking issue and the need for relevant legislative changes. The US Department of State contributes to counter trafficking efforts by publishing its annual Trafficking in Persons Report, which provides important data on scale and size of phenomenon worldwide. The Department of Labour intends to fund the establishment of six training and support centres for women victims of trafficking or at-risk women in major cities in Central and Eastern Europe and the Newly Independent States, through its cooperative agreement with the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX), a non-governmental organization. These centres will provide training for 6,480 women in areas such as basic job skills, computer literacy, job-seeking strategies and development of business plans. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) focuses primarily on prevention of Trafficking in persons (TIP), protection and assistance to victims, and reform and implementation of anti-TIP policy and legislation.[1] Dimension of Anti-Trafficking Programmes The human rights principles of participation and representation require the involvement of affected persons, in particular the victim, and their communities in formulating anti-trafficking strategies. The centring of the affected persons produces several beneficial outcomes, including the following: Creating a sense of ownership of the process Enabling policy makers and practitioners to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"learn from belowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Producing more effective, grounded and sustainable strategies Developing cross-sectorial and multilevel partnerships Keeping this central principle in mind, the following sections elaborate on the scope and content i.e. prevention, prosecution, protection and rehabilitation reintegration. Prevention of Trafficking As stated earlier, one of the purposes of the Trafficking Protocol is to prevent trafficking, particularly of women and children and to promote cooperation among States Parties to achieve that end (Article 2, Trafficking Protocol). When planning prevention efforts, the following general considerations should be taken into account: Include long-term programs to address trafficking. These would involve ensuring the rights of trafficked person. More specific interventions would include reducing vulnerability through developing livelihood options in countries of origin and poverty alleviation schemes. Direct campaigns toward potential victims, officials and the public. Involve all key actors, including judicial and law enforcement personnel, migration authorities, NGOs and civil society, the media, international and intergovernmental organisations. Encourage the formation of collaborative partnerships between countries of destination, origin and transit. A prevention strategy will need to consist of the following elements: awareness raising, training, research initiatives, addressing root causes, empowerment campaigns and border measures. These elements are not mutually exclusive, and indeed there is much scope for overlap between them. [1] UNIFEM Regional Anti-Trafficking Programme in South Asia (2000-2009), Evaluation Report

The Amazing Adventures Of Kavalier And Clay - 1076 Words

The United States has struggled with the ideal of freedom throughout history including the 21st century. Nothing is more foundational to Americans as individuals and as a nation than freedom. Freedom, known as liberty, is embedded in our history and everyday life. American freedom has been represented by statues, fleeing from slave masters, and the rights to vote. Freedom has never been a fixed concept, it has been a tenacious conflict in American history. American freedom has been debates, disagreements, and struggles rather than a evolutionary record towards a predestined goal. It has been a battle ground throughout history, found on the proposition that liberty is a right of all human race, the United States deprived many people of freedom . Freedom has been through battles of racial minorities, women, workers, and other groups to fastened the freedom they understood. There are people who struggles to obtain full on actress to freedom of expression with reasons including poverty, discrimination and cultural pressure. Michael Chabon’s The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay is a great example of Americas freedom of identity, which focuses on the means of escape and denial. The novel lies in the freedom of identity expression , acceptance, and being set free from feeling unaccepted. Americans LGBT do not have the freedom of full equality, LGBT people have been facing many different types of discrimination. LGBT communities have limited rights, from the denial toShow MoreRelatedThe Amazing Adventures Of Kavalier And Clay And Amazing Wondrous Life Of Oscar Wao2168 Words   |  9 PagesMichael Chabon’s The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay and Junot Dà ­az’s The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wa o, the main characters were terrorized by two different dictatorships with their usage of scare tactics, surveillance abuse, and the stripping of their citizen’s basic human rights in order to oppress and terrorize the people and obtain complete power over them. In The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay and The Amazing Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, Josef Kavalier and Beli Cabral’s respectiveRead MoreSuperhero Worship By The Atlantic Virginia Postrel 1290 Words   |  6 Pagesthat instead of celebrities in general his main focus of the article is how the superhero aspect and people striving to be like superheros is what limits people in their lives. The author takes both ends of the spectrum from â€Å"The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay† which shows how hard it is for the characters to balance out their superhero lives with the troubles of their everyday lives. While at the opposite end of the spectrum there is â€Å"Spider-Man† or â€Å"The Fantastic Four† which only showsRead MoreSuperhero Worship By The Atlantic Virginia Postrel 1804 Words   |  8 Pagesthat instead of celebrities, in general his main focus of the article is how the superhero aspect and people striving to be like superheros is w hat limits people in their lives. The author takes both ends of the spectrum from â€Å"The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay† which shows how hard it is for the characters to balance out their superhero lives with the troubles of their everyday lives. While at the opposite end of the spectrum there is â€Å"Spider-Man† or â€Å"The Fantastic Four† which only showsRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesCamus, Albert The plague AF 3 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Carver, Raymond Cathedral in The stories of Raymond Carver AF Chabon, Michael The amazing adventures of Kavalier and Clay AF Clare, Monica Karobran: the story of an Aboriginal girl AF Conrad, Joseph The heart of darkness AF Cormier, Robert The chocolate war YA Cormier, Robert I am the cheese YA Courtenay, Bryce The power of one AF Dickens, Charles Oliver

Essay on Nature vs Nurture - 1052 Words

Nature vs. Nurture M. B. Liberty University Psychology 101 Nature vs. Nurture There has been extensive debate between scholars in the field of psychology surrounding the Nature vs. Nurture issue. Both nature and nurture determine who we are and neither is solely independent of the other. â€Å"As the area of a rectangle is determined by its length and its width, so do biology and experience together create us.†(Myers, 2008, p. 8) Carl Gustav Jung, and leading thinker and creator of analytical psychology, believes: â€Å"Human behavior is influenced both by individual experience and also by an innate â€Å"collective unconscious† that vests all of us with certain proclivities and tendencies.†(Hayes, 2000, p. 7) From my personal life experience†¦show more content†¦History The history of the Nature vs. Nurture began with Darwin’s theory of evolution and natural selection. At one time, entire cultural groups were considered to be inferior or superior by nature and ethnicity. During the late Middle Ages, philosophers began to recognize differences among groups dependent on their socialization or nurture. Nature vs. Nurture began to be controversial in the 20th Century when the Nazis began to destroy humans of a certain nature to develop the perfect human race. This prompted psychological debate on whether human identity was by nature or subject to socialism by nurture. (Prien, Pitts, amp; Kamery, 2003, p. 51) Characteristics The characteristics of nature vs. nurture are quite different. Nature is those qualities about a person that are deemed genetic. Such genetics heritability includes a person’s color and gender. Nature is a person’s biological determinism. Characteristics of nurture include environmental variation and external influences. These characteristics are dependent on such factors as social status and education and the influence these factors have on a person’s character. In my opinion, both nature and nurture uniformly determine of person’s personality and intelligence. This opinion is widely debated but not debunked. Concluding Thoughts John Tooby and Leda Cosmides, two highly respected and influential people in the nature vs. nurture study state, â€Å"Evolutionary psychology is not just anotherShow MoreRelatedNature Vs Nurture : Nature Or Nurture874 Words   |  4 Pages Nature or Nurture. Nature may be all of the genes and hereditary factors with which influence them to become who they are such as physical appearances and personality characteristics. Nurturing impacts people’s lives as well as how they are raised and all the environmental factors. In combination, these qualities can be the true identity of oneself. Many people may argue that nurture appears to a play huge factor in the two, but others may think otherwise. Not having both as a characteristic canRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Is The Nature Or Nurture?1300 Words   |  6 PagesAoS 3: Student Directed Research Investigation Unit 1 Psychology - Megan Rodrigues RESEARCH QUESTION How is the nature vs nurture debate related to a consideration of the mental disorder, schizophrenia? INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is categorized by thoughts or experiences that seem abnormal with reality, disorganized speech or behaviour and decreased participation in regular daily activities. Difficulty with memory and concentration are sometimes also present. The two hit hypothesis generally refersRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture1821 Words   |  8 PagesNature and nurture are usually seen as very different things, but they are actually somewhat similar and even integrated. There is a huge debate over which holds more influence over how people develop and whether they behave based on genes or their environment. In Sincero’s article Nature and Nurture Debate she discusses arguments for both sides, saying behavior may be completely in a person’s genes, or it could come from experience and influence. Many people believe â€Å"that the criminal acts, tendencyRead MoreNature And Nurture : Nature Vs. Nurture1780 Words   |  8 PagesAs Nature Made Him: Nature vs. Nurtur e Human behavior is determined by both biological and environmental factors. Psychologists are interested in learning which of these factors is a greater influence on human behavior and identity. Although psychologists today generally agree that both nature and nurture play a role in conditioning behavior, there is still disagreement about the part that each of the factors have in determining behavior. The nature versus nurture debate focuses around the extentRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture1821 Words   |  8 Pages Nature and nurture are usually seen as very different things, but they are actually somewhat similar and even integrated. There is a huge debate over which holds more influence over how people develop and whether they behave based on genes or their environment. In Sincero’s article Nature and Nurture Debate she discusses arguments for both sides, saying behavior may be completely in a person’s genes, or it could come from experience and influe nce. Many people believe â€Å"that the criminal acts, tendencyRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nurture1405 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 2015 Nature vs. Nurture Very few people know that the nature vs. nurture debate actually began early on with famous Greek philosophers such as Plato and Descartes. These two theorized that certain things were inborn and occurred naturally regardless of environmental factors (Cherry 1). Most people began to witness this debate in 1896 when the phrase â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture† was coined by English polymath, Francis Galton (â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture†Origins 1). At this point the nature vs. nurture debate grewRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nurture901 Words   |  4 Pagestime the proverbial nature vs. nurture question has sparked quite a debate. I hold the belief that nature vs. nurture is a zero-sum game. We essentially enter this existence, a lump of clay that needs molding in order to take form. So, I believe my creative abilities can be attributed to the sum of our genetic predisposition, the nurture of our mind, and the dynamic of both nature and nurture, with nurture being the predominant influencing factor. In psychology, nature refers to the inheritedRead MoreNature Vs Nurture And Nurture1777 Words   |  8 Pagesformed and cultivated through nature or nurture. This psychological anomaly is why I am writing this paper. Ever since I have enrolled in, and taken, a psychology class during my junior year, I have questioned whether every little emotion and action is because of nature or nurture. No topic is more widely explored and researched than morality. It cannot be scientifically or psychologically proven or tested, making any claim highly controversial. This idea, of nature vs nurture, that I had previously researchedRead MoreThe Nature Vs. Nurture1463 Words   |  6 PagesT What can we define as Human Nature and Nurture? The Nature vs. Nurture has been a long never ending debate for some time now. Nature vs Nurture has been so profoundly debated, that now it’s unclear whether what makes us who we are and what we do, nature or nurture. For purposes of this essay Nature is going to be defined as characteristics we acquire through our genetic and biological factors, while that Nurture is going to be defined characteristics we acquire through our interactions and influencesRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture1337 Words   |  6 PagesNature vs. Nurture There are many different ways that behavior can be explained, especially on the terms of nature vs. nurture. Aggression is a behavior that has been extensively analyzed in a complex manner and the causes of it can be explained many different ways. Aggression can be defined as hostile or destructive behavior that can cause injury or destructive outlook especially when caused by frustration. Nature can be defined as aspects of behavior that have been inherited or are genetic, while

Individual Privacy and Collective Healthcare- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theIndividual Privacy and Collective Right to Healthcare. Answer: This essay critically analyses the importance of m maintaining balance between individual privacy rights and collective right to security as pertain to health care facilities. Most of the people have fundamental misconception about the nature as well as core importance of privacy[1]. The misunderstanding becomes more complicated when they do not understand that there is a far more effect of privacy on the recent society. This is the reason why the authorities of the developed countries like the UK, US re undertaking a kind of universal surveillance. Privacy is often misinterpreted to be purely an individuals right which is sometimes misconstrued as anti-community right which implores an individual to hide from the society. In this view, there will be a transparent society where none of the people will have any privacy in their lives. However, in reality privacy has a collective benefit that supports coherent societies[2]. According to critics, privacy is not only hiding something or having control over the life but the more controlled people the society has, the more positively and freely they behave. Therefore, privacy has a vital function for maintaining balance in the society, not creating division between society and individual. As most of the people in the free society believes that privacy act against the collective right, the concept of surveillance has also been misunderstood. Ina democratic society, surveillance has a crucial role to play[3]. It has vital role in maintaining the human rights terms, which ultimately controls the aspects of fundamental rights for instance, freedom of expression, association and availing other necessities such as health care. There has been an open debate on the status of health care in many democratic countries. Some people grant this facility to be individual privilege, on the other hand some assume this to be a collective right. However, integration of the individual rights with the structural policy changes can expand the scope for all encompassing privilege. Both the rights and the global health must be first transcending the individual versus collective division then unite them so that it can provide the best facilities for the individuals along with the whole population at large[4]. The traditional liberal theories of human rights support highest attainable levels of health facilities and restricting these rights for survive the individual perspective will prevent the advancement of planning, founding new public policies, monitoring, accountability and the proper assessment[5]. This is the reason, many UN human rights bodies seek information from the state parties so that they can utilise individua ls data for planning and mapping access to the health services for serving collective perspective. By using individuals information, the UN bodies aim to serve the most vulnerable populations and implement respective policies for realisation of right to avail health care facilities. In addition to this, collective perspectives on the right to avail health care facilities, have proved to be potential for managing the non-communicable diseases. These are done by raising awareness about the healthier lifestyles, caring for the people in need and formulating particular plans for preventing such diseases. This however includes the governments obligation under international regulations for preventing violations. The individualistic perspective place primary importance on the privacy, liberty as well as informed consent for the individual persons. In the public health interventions, there are issues such as immunisation often infringe on the rights of the individuals. This however, faces challenge in protecting the privacy of the individuals. Hence, the proper treatment to control of the infectious diseases cannot be possible as these are highly stigmatised by the individuals in terms of religion[6]. In treating dangerous sexually-transmitted diseases like HIV/AIDS, the health care agencies cannot access names and personal details due to the individual privacy issues. The concept of Nonmaleficence is not to do any harm to the individuals. In some cases, the compulsory vaccination adversely affects the health of the individuals. Hence the authorities compensate them aiming to protect the welfare of public in broader sense[7]. Collective right to health is promoted by the idea of social justice which asks for encouraging access to avail basic health facilities. In such cases the authorities provide free vaccinations and other cares to one particular social group in order to maintain balance in the society. However, with such actions, the agencies are narrowing down the unjust inequalities among the social classes. This kind of problems can be seen only in the individualistic societies. In the group oriented cultures, the health agencies take more initiatives to curb the intention of maintaining privacy by the individuals[8]. To prevent harm from occurring to others, the methods of isolation, compulsory treatment and quarantine are applied by violating cultural and religious beliefs. Sometimes. The healthcare practitioners or the state governments often use the method of paternalism were they can take actions to protect the health as well as welfare of the people even against their will. Sometimes the indiv iduals, suffer from immaturity, ignorance, cognitive disability by holding false beliefs regarding the methods of treatments. In such cases, the efforts are taken through persuasion or compulsion. Hence it is quite logical to infringe personal privacy for greater good. In discussing the issue of individual privacy rights over the collective society, one can have referred to the violation of justice across nations where the developed and rich countries are disturbing the individual privacy of the under-developed or developing countries by extracting information of the types of diseases causing epidemic. However, there are both ethical issues as well as issues associated with the security of lives of the people across the globe[9]. Outbreaks of infectious diseases resulted into epidemics which can cross national borders quickly through illegal immigration, mass tourism, visits and refugees. Though these methods, highly infectious diseases extend their range globally. This is the reason why the developed nations are assisting the developing countries by means of providing various medical facilities, lifesaving drugs and vaccines so that collective good can exceed the limits of individual privacy. Bibliography: Burton, Paul R., Madeleine J. Murtagh, Andy Boyd, James B. Williams, Edward S. Dove, Susan E. Wallace, Anne-Marie Tasse et al. "Data Safe Havens in health research and healthcare."Bioinformatics31, no. 20 (2015): 3241-3248. Dau-Schmidt, Kenneth G., Matt Finkin, and Robert Covington.Legal protection for the individual employee. West Academic, 2016. Dove, Edward S. "Privacy and Healthcare Data: Choice of Control to Choice and Control." (2017): 158. Li, He, Jing Wu, Yiwen Gao, and Yao Shi. "Examining individuals adoption of healthcare wearable devices: An empirical study from privacy calculus perspective."International journal of medical informatics88 (2016): 8-17. Lindblad, S., S. Ernestam, A. D. Van Citters, C. Lind, T. S. Morgan, and E. C. Nelson. "Creating a culture of health: evolving healthcare systems and patient engagement."QJM: An International Journal of Medicine110, no. 3 (2017): 125-129.

Suzuki Case Study free essay sample

This analysis provides the background, SWOT analysis and different marketing alternatives such as positioning the vehicle as a car, compact truck or sports utility vehicle. Later the recommendation is made on which marketing strategies are suitable for the success of the Suzuki Samurai in US market. The analysis has also highlighted in detail the pros and cons of the â€Å"unpositioning† that we propose versus three options of positioning that were considered earlier. We have also evaluated the strength of the marketing research done by Pearlstein in terms of ensuring market of success in US market. In this analysis, there is also the recommendation on how the $2. 5 Million six-month adverting budget should be spent in accordance to the positioning strategy chosen. 2. 0 Situation Analysis 2. 1 The company 2. 1. 1 Company Background Starting business in 1909 as Suzuki Loom Works, the firm was incorporated in 1920 and was to produce textile looms that would surpass the innovation and quality of other competitors. We will write a custom essay sample on Suzuki Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since foundation Hamamatsu, Japan, SUZUKI has steadily grown and expanded. In 1952, Suzuki created a new type of motor vehicle, a motorized bicycle call the â€Å"Power Free†. This motorized bicycle featured a 36cc two-stroke engine with a double sprocket gear system that enabled the rider to pedal with the engine assisting, pedal without the engine assisting. Suzuki’s first mass produced car in 1955, the Suzulight, was a technical marvel. It included radical innovations for the time such as front-wheel drive, four-wheel suspension, and rack-and-pinion steering. In 1963, Suzuki brings its innovation motorcycle line-up to the U. S. A fast growing line enables them quickly to become a major player in the motorcycle market. Suzuki takes the lead in the all-terrain vehicle market in 1983 by introducing the first four-wheeled ATV. In 1985, Suzuki introduces its automotive line to the U. S, with the arrival of the Samurai. SJ 413 as an upgraded model of SJ410 and designed especially for US market. Today, constantly going forward to meet changing lifestyles, the SUZUKI name is seen on a full range of motorcycles, automobiles, outboard motors and related products such as generators and motorized wheelchairs. The mark trademark is recognized by people throughout the world as a brand of quality products that offer both reliability and originality. More than 45,000 Suzuki people worldwide now create and distribute their work in over 120 countries. Worldwide Suzuki Automotive sales now reach over 2 million each year, surpassing the sales of many other renowned companies such as BMW, Mercedes and Saab. Additionally more than 2. 5 million motorcycles and ATVs are sold each year. Sales of the Suzukis outboard motors also continue to grow. SUZUKI stands behind this global symbol with a sure determination to maintain this confidence in the future as well, never stopping in creating quality products. 2. 2 Product of Suzuki Samurai The Suzuki Samurai was introduced to the U. S. market in November 1985. It appealed to younger consumers with its inexpensive and fun-oriented positioning. This marketing strategy was successful, since over 160,000 Samurais were sold in just three years. The Suzuki Samurai was introduced as an inexpensive multi-purpose sport/utility vehicle. These vehicles were light pickup trucks with back seats, an extended roof, and part-time four-wheel drive intended for use on snow, ice, mud, or off-road driving. Sport/utility vehicles do not have to conform to the same safety regulations that apply to passenger cars. 2. 3 Positioning According to Douglas Mazza, he wanted a fresh approach for his company’s new products, he assigned advertising task to an agency which had no experience in developing campaign for automobiles. The advertising agency found out that the industry practice was to position vehicles according their physical characteristics. They also found out that most advertising was feature/benefit or price oriented. Based on its physical characteristics, the major three positioning for Samurai SJ413 were position as a compact sport utility vehicle, as a compact pickup truck and as a subcompact car, so it should be advertised as a â€Å"tough ittle cheap jeep†. Moreover, the samurai’s size and price distinguished it from all other sport utility vehicles sold in the U. S in 1985. The Samurai was smaller and lighter than the other vehicles, and its $5995 suggested retail price was well below the other vehicles’ $10,000 to $13,000 price range. 2. 4 SWOT Summary 2. 4. 1 Strengths : Suzuki Company followed selective distribution strategy, which allowed the company to achieve higher profitability, dealer loyalty, greater sales support and also higher degree of control over the retail market. Also, their pricing strategy was to sell high volume with low profit margin, which helped company to gain market response for its high quality with low price advantage. Suzuki Samurai has been positioned as a compact sport utility vehicle, a compact pickup truck and a subcompact car. This positioning would be good to place their brand in the particular part of the market where it would receive reception compared to competing products. It also well explained Samurai’s physical characteristics. 2. 4. 2 Weaknesses: Suzuki Samurai set their very low price, which meant it will came up with very low profit margin. The planned dealer invoice rice was $5095, only 7. 5%higher than ASMC’s own landed cost for the vehicle. And they planned to limit the number of samurai dealers, so each dealer might be stressed on as they needed to sell approximately 30 Samurai per month to cover its costs. Samurai was positioned as a sport utility vehicle; however, the market for sport utility vehicle was relatively small. In 1984, it was les than 3% in the U. S market. And it was positioned as a subcompact car, then it might not meet the expectations of the consumers because the Samurai was built on a truck platform, its ride was stiffer and less comfortable than the least-expensive subcompact cars. On the other side, if other consumers start to use it as subcompact car or pick up truck, it will lose its brand image. Thus it might lose potential market, bring trouble for the sales people and increase market confusion among customers. 2. 4. 3 Opportunities: Suzuki Samurai should be unpositioned in the market to get the opportunity to target the entire potential consumers segment. The unpositioned Suzuki Samurai will appeal the users of sports utility vehicles, pick up truck and subcompact cars. That ensures higher consumer acceptance and consumer satisfaction by offering a car for various needs. It would also increase sales and thus add large profit to the company’s income statement by targeting a large customer segments. The unpositioning strategy is better combined with company’s goal that is to establish ASMC as a major car company in the U. S market. The low price of the Samurai can be used as a strategy to impress consumers and to capture great share of the market. And this low price and also encouraged dealership investment in which expanded and increased sales. There will be a good opportunity for Samurai if can build a strong brand image among the potential customers such as some TV advertisement or promotion, in which creating and increasing buyer awareness of the car influencing buyer attitude toward the Suzuki Samurai. 2. 4. 4 Treats: Suzuki Samurai will bring some treats to its competitors if offering a car with different purpose. The broader appeal of the car can reduce sales of its competitors’ who are in the same industry. In addition, it will quite risky for Samurai’s sales if Suzuki overdefine the vehicle, because a product should broad enough to attract a wide range of consumers and meet consumers with different needs. 2. 5 Historical Results According to Appendix 6. 1, in 1984, there were approximately 25100 Japanese vehicles sole among the total of 424810 sport utility cars in U. S market, which was only 5. 9% of the market share. And Suzuki Samurai only had 8. 4% to the Japanese imported cars in the U. S market. In another words, Samurai did not have much market share compared with other Japanese competitors in the U. S automobile industry. In 1985, Samurai has decreased to 4. 6% market share among the Japanese car industry, and only 0. 46% market share of the whole compact sport utility vehicle in the U. S market. However, as compact pickup trucks and subcompact cars, it did not shown any Samurai products in which meant the sales could be very low and unsuccessful during the year of 1984 and 1985. 3. 0 The Market 3. 1 Background Since the introduction of its first production car, the â€Å"Suzulight†, in 1961, Suzuki had sold cars and trucks only in Japan until 1979. It took Suzuki only 5 years to export and distribute its automobiles into more than 100 countries including Hawaii (US). As a global firm, Suzuki captured and maintained its production and R D momentum to succeed in international marketing. Aiming at opening the continental US Market, Suzuki Samurai, designed with the US market specifically in mind, was introduced in 1985 in order to establish Suzuki’s brand presence in the United States. 3. 2 Market Entry 3. 2. 1 Exporting Before projecting the Samurai, Suzuki had cooperated with General Motors on a model named under GM as Chevrolet Sprint. Exporting Japanese cars to the US was subject to voluntary restraint agreement (VRA). In 1984, Suzuki’s total VRA quota of 17,000 cars went to GM as Sprints and Sprint’s distribution was limited to its West Coast dealers. GM’s success with Sprint showed Suzuki that a market existed for its cars in the continental United States. 3. 2. 2 Joint Venture – Suzuki + GM (Production in Canada) Japan’s VRA quotas made it impossible for Suzuki to export any cars other than the Sprint to the United States in the foreseeable future. In 1985, Suzuki and GM began negotiations with the Canadian government to build a plant in Ontario producing approximately 200,000 subcompact cars per year. This initiative could help launching more Suzuki automobiles into the US market under its own name by early 1989. 3. 3 Direct Investment – ASMC Market share of Japanese imports in the U. S. automobile market and the overall automobile industry in the US surged during 1984 – 1985. Facing the upcoming entries of other overseas brands, Suzuki was unwilling to wait until 1989 to introduce the Suzuki name into the continental United States. With SJ413 (Samurai), Suzuki had the right product for the market whereas the continental United States was a piece of new land – a dealer network needed to be established, since there was no guarantee that GM would market any Suzuki vehicles other than the Sprint in the US market. Customs clearance issue was solved by exporting SJ413 without a back seat, under which circumstance the vehicle was classified as a truck by the US government. Trucks were not subject to Japanese VRA quotas; instead, they were subject to a 25% tariff, much higher than that on cars (2. 5%). Suzuki management was convinced that the time was right to enter the continental US market and believed the high tariff was worth paying. American Suzuki Motor Corporation (ASMC) was established for the development of a Suzuki dealer network in the United States. 4. 0 Marketing Strategy Analysis 4. 1Entry Strategy The market strategy used by Suzuki varies in accordance to the nature of the Market. This can be evidenced by looking at the strategy used in entering Canadian Market and the entry strategies used in the US market which in some way varied in different times. In Canada the entry strategy was a joint venture which also involved opening the manufacturing company in Canada. In US, the first strategy was to export the Suzuki Samurai manufactured in Japan to the US market meanwhile the later strategy was to export Suzuki Samurai from Canada under its own name, American Suzuki motor Corporation (ASMC) which would keep them competitive in the automotive industry. 4. 2 Distribution Strategy The ASMC under Mazza formulated a strategy to ensure the company achieves its goal of being a major car company in the US. The strategy was: †¢To build exclusive sales facilities for the Samurai which would include showroom, sales office, customer waiting and accessories display area. †¢A minimum of two service stalls dedicated to Suzuki and operated by Suzuki trained mechanics for service and parts. †¢A minimum of three sales people, two service technicians, one general manager and one general office clerk dedicated to the Suzuki dealership. †¢In the long run, with the growth of the product line dealer requirements would expand to include a full, exclusive facility complete with attached parts and services. Limit the number of Samurai dealer network to 47 so that ASMC could guarantee the minimum supply of 37 units per month to enable the dealer to breakeven and earn some profit. Assumption: Dealer has to sell 30 cars per month to breakeven. -If the dealer sells all allocated 37 cars in a month he will be expected to earn a monthly profit of $6300 (See Appendix 1) 4. 3 Pricing Strate gy ASMC’s pricing policy was to sell the basic Samurai at a retail price of $5995 and a dealer price of $5095 which was only 7. 5% higher than ASMC landed cost. The contribution expected by ASMC from each unit sold was $382 (See Appendix 6. ). The ASMC pricing strategy was to sell its high quality product at a competitive price of $5995 which was far below competitors’ price ranging from $10,000 to $13,000. This strategy would enable the company to sell higher volume at considerably low margin. 4. 4 Promotion and Advertising Strategy 4. 4. 1 Product and Positioning Strategy Samurai was planned to be poisoned in the market in three different categories based on its physical characteristics. It could be either, a compact sport utility vehicle (SUV), a compact pickup truck or a subcompact car. See the figure below: Table 4. 4. 1: Market Share 19841985 Ratio of Suzuki to Total Japanese cars import in US8. 5%4. 6% Ratio of Suzuki to Compact Sport Utility Vehicles0. 5%0. 5% Note: The Suzuki sales were only for Hawaii excluding the grey market in Florida and other markets in Puerto Rico, Guam, the US Virginia Islands and Panama. Douglas Mazza wanted a fresh approach for his companys new product so he gave the responsibility to keye/ donna/ pearlstein advertising agency, which had no experience in developing campaign for automobiles. After accepting he offer, Pearlstein and his associates scanned the industry practice for automobile advertising. They found out that the industry practice was to position vehicles according their physical characteristics. They also found out that best advertising strategy was to base on either its feature, benefit or price. It was from physical characteristics that they positioned Suzuki Samurai as a compact sport utility vehicle (SUV), a compact pickup truck or a subcompact car. Suzuki Case Study free essay sample This analysis provides the background, SWOT analysis and different marketing alternatives such as positioning the vehicle as a car, compact truck or sports utility vehicle. Later the recommendation is made on which marketing strategies are suitable for the success of the Suzuki Samurai in US market. The analysis has also highlighted in detail the pros and cons of the â€Å"unpositioning† that we propose versus three options of positioning that were considered earlier. We have also evaluated the strength of the marketing research done by Pearlstein in terms of ensuring market of success in US market. In this analysis, there is also the recommendation on how the $2. 5 Million six-month adverting budget should be spent in accordance to the positioning strategy chosen. 2. 0 Situation Analysis 2. 1 The company 2. 1. 1 Company Background Starting business in 1909 as Suzuki Loom Works, the firm was incorporated in 1920 and was to produce textile looms that would surpass the innovation and quality of other competitors. We will write a custom essay sample on Suzuki Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since foundation Hamamatsu, Japan, SUZUKI has steadily grown and expanded. In 1952, Suzuki created a new type of motor vehicle, a motorized bicycle call the â€Å"Power Free†. This motorized bicycle featured a 36cc two-stroke engine with a double sprocket gear system that enabled the rider to pedal with the engine assisting, pedal without the engine assisting. Suzuki’s first mass produced car in 1955, the Suzulight, was a technical marvel. It included radical innovations for the time such as front-wheel drive, four-wheel suspension, and rack-and-pinion steering. In 1963, Suzuki brings its innovation motorcycle line-up to the U. S. A fast growing line enables them quickly to become a major player in the motorcycle market. Suzuki takes the lead in the all-terrain vehicle market in 1983 by introducing the first four-wheeled ATV. In 1985, Suzuki introduces its automotive line to the U. S, with the arrival of the Samurai. SJ 413 as an upgraded model of SJ410 and designed especially for US market. Today, constantly going forward to meet changing lifestyles, the SUZUKI name is seen on a full range of motorcycles, automobiles, outboard motors and related products such as generators and motorized wheelchairs. The mark trademark is recognized by people throughout the world as a brand of quality products that offer both reliability and originality. More than 45,000 Suzuki people worldwide now create and distribute their work in over 120 countries. Worldwide Suzuki Automotive sales now reach over 2 million each year, surpassing the sales of many other renowned companies such as BMW, Mercedes and Saab. Additionally more than 2. 5 million motorcycles and ATVs are sold each year. Sales of the Suzukis outboard motors also continue to grow. SUZUKI stands behind this global symbol with a sure determination to maintain this confidence in the future as well, never stopping in creating quality products. 2. 2 Product of Suzuki Samurai The Suzuki Samurai was introduced to the U. S. market in November 1985. It appealed to younger consumers with its inexpensive and fun-oriented positioning. This marketing strategy was successful, since over 160,000 Samurais were sold in just three years. The Suzuki Samurai was introduced as an inexpensive multi-purpose sport/utility vehicle. These vehicles were light pickup trucks with back seats, an extended roof, and part-time four-wheel drive intended for use on snow, ice, mud, or off-road driving. Sport/utility vehicles do not have to conform to the same safety regulations that apply to passenger cars. 2. 3 Positioning According to Douglas Mazza, he wanted a fresh approach for his company’s new products, he assigned advertising task to an agency which had no experience in developing campaign for automobiles. The advertising agency found out that the industry practice was to position vehicles according their physical characteristics. They also found out that most advertising was feature/benefit or price oriented. Based on its physical characteristics, the major three positioning for Samurai SJ413 were position as a compact sport utility vehicle, as a compact pickup truck and as a subcompact car, so it should be advertised as a â€Å"tough ittle cheap jeep†. Moreover, the samurai’s size and price distinguished it from all other sport utility vehicles sold in the U. S in 1985. The Samurai was smaller and lighter than the other vehicles, and its $5995 suggested retail price was well below the other vehicles’ $10,000 to $13,000 price range. 2. 4 SWOT Summary 2. 4. 1 Strengths : Suzuki Company followed selective distribution strategy, which allowed the company to achieve higher profitability, dealer loyalty, greater sales support and also higher degree of control over the retail market. Also, their pricing strategy was to sell high volume with low profit margin, which helped company to gain market response for its high quality with low price advantage. Suzuki Samurai has been positioned as a compact sport utility vehicle, a compact pickup truck and a subcompact car. This positioning would be good to place their brand in the particular part of the market where it would receive reception compared to competing products. It also well explained Samurai’s physical characteristics. 2. 4. 2 Weaknesses: Suzuki Samurai set their very low price, which meant it will came up with very low profit margin. The planned dealer invoice rice was $5095, only 7. 5%higher than ASMC’s own landed cost for the vehicle. And they planned to limit the number of samurai dealers, so each dealer might be stressed on as they needed to sell approximately 30 Samurai per month to cover its costs. Samurai was positioned as a sport utility vehicle; however, the market for sport utility vehicle was relatively small. In 1984, it was les than 3% in the U. S market. And it was positioned as a subcompact car, then it might not meet the expectations of the consumers because the Samurai was built on a truck platform, its ride was stiffer and less comfortable than the least-expensive subcompact cars. On the other side, if other consumers start to use it as subcompact car or pick up truck, it will lose its brand image. Thus it might lose potential market, bring trouble for the sales people and increase market confusion among customers. 2. 4. 3 Opportunities: Suzuki Samurai should be unpositioned in the market to get the opportunity to target the entire potential consumers segment. The unpositioned Suzuki Samurai will appeal the users of sports utility vehicles, pick up truck and subcompact cars. That ensures higher consumer acceptance and consumer satisfaction by offering a car for various needs. It would also increase sales and thus add large profit to the company’s income statement by targeting a large customer segments. The unpositioning strategy is better combined with company’s goal that is to establish ASMC as a major car company in the U. S market. The low price of the Samurai can be used as a strategy to impress consumers and to capture great share of the market. And this low price and also encouraged dealership investment in which expanded and increased sales. There will be a good opportunity for Samurai if can build a strong brand image among the potential customers such as some TV advertisement or promotion, in which creating and increasing buyer awareness of the car influencing buyer attitude toward the Suzuki Samurai. 2. 4. 4 Treats: Suzuki Samurai will bring some treats to its competitors if offering a car with different purpose. The broader appeal of the car can reduce sales of its competitors’ who are in the same industry. In addition, it will quite risky for Samurai’s sales if Suzuki overdefine the vehicle, because a product should broad enough to attract a wide range of consumers and meet consumers with different needs. 2. 5 Historical Results According to Appendix 6. 1, in 1984, there were approximately 25100 Japanese vehicles sole among the total of 424810 sport utility cars in U. S market, which was only 5. 9% of the market share. And Suzuki Samurai only had 8. 4% to the Japanese imported cars in the U. S market. In another words, Samurai did not have much market share compared with other Japanese competitors in the U. S automobile industry. In 1985, Samurai has decreased to 4. 6% market share among the Japanese car industry, and only 0. 46% market share of the whole compact sport utility vehicle in the U. S market. However, as compact pickup trucks and subcompact cars, it did not shown any Samurai products in which meant the sales could be very low and unsuccessful during the year of 1984 and 1985. 3. 0 The Market 3. 1 Background Since the introduction of its first production car, the â€Å"Suzulight†, in 1961, Suzuki had sold cars and trucks only in Japan until 1979. It took Suzuki only 5 years to export and distribute its automobiles into more than 100 countries including Hawaii (US). As a global firm, Suzuki captured and maintained its production and R D momentum to succeed in international marketing. Aiming at opening the continental US Market, Suzuki Samurai, designed with the US market specifically in mind, was introduced in 1985 in order to establish Suzuki’s brand presence in the United States. 3. 2 Market Entry 3. 2. 1 Exporting Before projecting the Samurai, Suzuki had cooperated with General Motors on a model named under GM as Chevrolet Sprint. Exporting Japanese cars to the US was subject to voluntary restraint agreement (VRA). In 1984, Suzuki’s total VRA quota of 17,000 cars went to GM as Sprints and Sprint’s distribution was limited to its West Coast dealers. GM’s success with Sprint showed Suzuki that a market existed for its cars in the continental United States. 3. 2. 2 Joint Venture – Suzuki + GM (Production in Canada) Japan’s VRA quotas made it impossible for Suzuki to export any cars other than the Sprint to the United States in the foreseeable future. In 1985, Suzuki and GM began negotiations with the Canadian government to build a plant in Ontario producing approximately 200,000 subcompact cars per year. This initiative could help launching more Suzuki automobiles into the US market under its own name by early 1989. 3. 3 Direct Investment – ASMC Market share of Japanese imports in the U. S. automobile market and the overall automobile industry in the US surged during 1984 – 1985. Facing the upcoming entries of other overseas brands, Suzuki was unwilling to wait until 1989 to introduce the Suzuki name into the continental United States. With SJ413 (Samurai), Suzuki had the right product for the market whereas the continental United States was a piece of new land – a dealer network needed to be established, since there was no guarantee that GM would market any Suzuki vehicles other than the Sprint in the US market. Customs clearance issue was solved by exporting SJ413 without a back seat, under which circumstance the vehicle was classified as a truck by the US government. Trucks were not subject to Japanese VRA quotas; instead, they were subject to a 25% tariff, much higher than that on cars (2. 5%). Suzuki management was convinced that the time was right to enter the continental US market and believed the high tariff was worth paying. American Suzuki Motor Corporation (ASMC) was established for the development of a Suzuki dealer network in the United States. 4. 0 Marketing Strategy Analysis 4. 1Entry Strategy The market strategy used by Suzuki varies in accordance to the nature of the Market. This can be evidenced by looking at the strategy used in entering Canadian Market and the entry strategies used in the US market which in some way varied in different times. In Canada the entry strategy was a joint venture which also involved opening the manufacturing company in Canada. In US, the first strategy was to export the Suzuki Samurai manufactured in Japan to the US market meanwhile the later strategy was to export Suzuki Samurai from Canada under its own name, American Suzuki motor Corporation (ASMC) which would keep them competitive in the automotive industry. 4. 2 Distribution Strategy The ASMC under Mazza formulated a strategy to ensure the company achieves its goal of being a major car company in the US. The strategy was: †¢To build exclusive sales facilities for the Samurai which would include showroom, sales office, customer waiting and accessories display area. †¢A minimum of two service stalls dedicated to Suzuki and operated by Suzuki trained mechanics for service and parts. †¢A minimum of three sales people, two service technicians, one general manager and one general office clerk dedicated to the Suzuki dealership. †¢In the long run, with the growth of the product line dealer requirements would expand to include a full, exclusive facility complete with attached parts and services. Limit the number of Samurai dealer network to 47 so that ASMC could guarantee the minimum supply of 37 units per month to enable the dealer to breakeven and earn some profit. Assumption: Dealer has to sell 30 cars per month to breakeven. -If the dealer sells all allocated 37 cars in a month he will be expected to earn a monthly profit of $6300 (See Appendix 1) 4. 3 Pricing Strate gy ASMC’s pricing policy was to sell the basic Samurai at a retail price of $5995 and a dealer price of $5095 which was only 7. 5% higher than ASMC landed cost. The contribution expected by ASMC from each unit sold was $382 (See Appendix 6. ). The ASMC pricing strategy was to sell its high quality product at a competitive price of $5995 which was far below competitors’ price ranging from $10,000 to $13,000. This strategy would enable the company to sell higher volume at considerably low margin. 4. 4 Promotion and Advertising Strategy 4. 4. 1 Product and Positioning Strategy Samurai was planned to be poisoned in the market in three different categories based on its physical characteristics. It could be either, a compact sport utility vehicle (SUV), a compact pickup truck or a subcompact car. See the figure below: Table 4. 4. 1: Market Share 19841985 Ratio of Suzuki to Total Japanese cars import in US8. 5%4. 6% Ratio of Suzuki to Compact Sport Utility Vehicles0. 5%0. 5% Note: The Suzuki sales were only for Hawaii excluding the grey market in Florida and other markets in Puerto Rico, Guam, the US Virginia Islands and Panama. Douglas Mazza wanted a fresh approach for his companys new product so he gave the responsibility to keye/ donna/ pearlstein advertising agency, which had no experience in developing campaign for automobiles. After accepting he offer, Pearlstein and his associates scanned the industry practice for automobile advertising. They found out that the industry practice was to position vehicles according their physical characteristics. They also found out that best advertising strategy was to base on either its feature, benefit or price. It was from physical characteristics that they positioned Suzuki Samurai as a compact sport utility vehicle (SUV), a compact pickup truck or a subcompact car. The pros and cons of positioning the samurai in each of these segments individually are given below.

Domestic Violence Act 2005 Essay Example

Domestic Violence Act 2005 Essay Example Domestic Violence Act 2005 Essay Domestic Violence Act 2005 Essay The Protection Of adult females From Domestic Violence Act, 2005 Introduction In our society work forces are considered as defender. When a miss marries, it is expected that her hubby will protect, in Hindu society during ‘Rakshya Bandhan’ a sister ties ‘rakhi’ to brother’s arm by sing him as a defender. Then inquiry arise â€Å"where adult females are most unsafe† ? Normally people believe that largely merely in public topographic points like in coachs, trains, and call centres etc. adult females are most insecure during dark. But how far this idea is true? Harmonizing to â€Å"National Family Health Survey† ( NFHS, 2005-2006 ) , 40 % of adult females were victims of assault at place of domestic force. Using funding from â€Å"Planning Commission† of India, â€Å"Yugantar Education Society† conducted another study across five provinces ; these are undivided Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. It was found that a big per centum of adult females were victims of force in place itself. So what environment can be safe from such type of assault, when force is abused inside their place? How those adult females will acquire justness? Domestic force doubtless is an issue sing human rights and force of any sort is a barrier for development of a state. Furthermore in India adult females are socially dominated over the period of clip to accept, digest and to stay soundless about such experiences. Although this phenomenon prevalent in our society it has remained mostly delusory in public. In India in 1983 force against adult females was lawfully acknowledge as a offense. The offense is indictable under subdivision 498-A of Indian penal codification. But at that clip no civil jurisprudence was at that place to turn to such type of force and besides it was argued that penalty can non be the best solution. Finally after long treatment and women’s run since late 19Thursdaycentury to protect adult females in our society â€Å"Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act ( PWDVA ) , 2005† was introduced. The act was came into force in 2006, it guaranteed article 14, 15 and 21 of Indian fundamental law. Under this act, victims can lodge kick against physical, sexual, verbal and emotional maltreatment. Brief position of chief characteristics of the Act â€Å"Protections of Women from Domestic Violence Act† gave a comprehensive definition of â€Å"Domestic Violence† . It included all facets of force like physical, sexual, verbal, emotional and economic maltreatment. Harmonizing to the act any people like neigh bore bits, comparative can lodge kick on behalf of the victims, there are no restraints for the betrayer. Victims can claim the losingss caused due to force by the respondent and besides Rs 20000 /- and one twelvemonth punishment can be imposed. Finally one most of import characteristic is that justness should be supply within a certain limited continuance, foremost hearing by the tribunal should be within 3 yearss from the ailment housing and whole instance must be disposed of within 60 yearss. All the characteristics indicate a much more positive attitude towards adult females safety. Although this act lawfully ensures adult females protection, in world there are many issues sing execution of the act. Anyways for the first clip one act has been passed which included about all facets of domestic force. A broader Interpretation and Implementation issues of the act â€Å"Domestic Violence† against adult females is a common signifier of force in Indian society due to patriarchal nature. PWDVA, 2005 includes commixture of both civil and condemnable jurisprudence, so it besides facilitates many registered organisation, those are working for the adult females protection. Under this act â€Å"Protection Officers† are appointed across the all provinces in territory degree but the deficiency of preparation and substructure has ensuing negative result. Due to this deficiency of preparation, even within the legal system un-fare determination has been taken against adult females. It may go on through constabularies, tribunal or any other legal governments. Due to several instances magistrates may widening the continuance of tribunal procedure and coercing victims to come several times. In assorted instances even constabularies, Judges finds hard to understand and construe. This consequences, except physical force other force like mental, se xual and economic torment are non taken in to account due to miss of proper grounds. There is another on-going issue of execution is that ‘allocation of funds’ . â€Å"Among the 28 provinces, 15 have provided separate budgetary allotment for execution of the act, like Haryana has started a Plan strategy PWDV and Madhya Pradesh launched ‘Usha Kiran Yojana’ for execution of PWDVA in 2008† . So such province initiated, ensures financess allotment for execution of the act. But issue is that still twelve provinces do non hold an excess budget for PWDVA ( Jhamb, 2007, p.45 ) . Harmonizing to NFHS, 2005-2006 these provinces holding higher incidence of force, but they claim that they are using for PWDVA through the on-going adult females public assistance strategies. For example- â€Å"Bihar claims that through the Nari Shakti scheme a entire allotment of 10 crore covers the PWDVA. Another case, Jharkhand claims that any disbursals for PWDVA are covered through plans like Dowry Elimination, Elimination of Witchcraft etc.† ( Jhamb, 2007 , p.46 ) Hence it is necessary to measure the extent of proper use of allocated financess. Comparison of allocated financess made by the provinces will give merely an elusive image because Ministry of Women and Child Development does non put any minimal criterion for assorted commissariats under the act. So the PWDV act, 2005 demands to be interpreted with much more reason and unfastened mindedness. Social Impact and Critiques Even though many insufficiency on implementing the act, 1000s of ailment have been lodged across all the provinces and success to acquire satisfactory judgements. Reason behind this rapid action by the authorization may be the proviso that instance must be solved within 60 yearss. So Women are coming frontward for the justness due to legal support by the act and besides up to some extent this act enable to make an environment of force free for adult females and to restrict the bing patriarchal doctrine in our society. On 21 January, 2013 to measure the impact of execution of the PWDV act policy shapers came together during the launch of 6Thursdaystudy supervising act â€Å" Staying Alive: Evaluating Courts Orders† . The study has discussed the cardinal strength of the PWDV act and its lacking in execution. Harmonizing to the Stay Alive study it was found that- Married adult females are the largest user of PWDV act, so by widows, divorced adult females, girls and sisters. Womans are bit by bit become more dependent upon the PWDVA for their protection. Domestic force now no more become restricted to physical force. There are several instances have been filed which are non physical force like verbal and sexual. It was besides argued that this act is making unfairness to work forces. This act is to the full dedicated to adult females, but non refering about those work forces confronting force from adult females. Dowry is still a dominant factor for domestic force ; it is more common in the provinces of north-west India. Up to few extent commissariats of act has able to cut down domestic force and besides has brought in the alterations to patriarchal attitude of the males but there is no punishment for make fulling false instances, this led to lifting in false prosecution in marital discourse. Apart from that there should be proper consciousness and societal acknowledgment with rigorous execution of the Act, so that it can convey a behavioural alteration to society to a great extent. Decision If we look at statistical figure from â€Å"National Family Health Survey, 2005-2006† of domestic force, proportion of adult females experienced different sorts of force varies greatly by province, but physical force entirely most common signifier of force across all the provinces of the state. The frequence of physical and sexual force is least in Himachal Pradesh ( 6 per cent ) , following in Jammu and Kashmir ( 1percent ) , and in Goa 15 per centum. On the other manus, highest in Bihar by 56 per centum and 45-47 per centum are in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Tripura. ( NFHS, 2005-2006, ch. 15 ) So from the NFHS survey’s informations we can recognize that in every province of India domestic force is a common phenomenon. The tendency of force threatens the authorization of adult females, every bit good as it is a barrier to the socio-economic development of the state. Again from the NFHS informations â€Å"37 % of married adult females and 16 % of single adult females have experienced force. But surprisingly among them merely 2 per centum of the abused adult females were asked for legal protection, so there is need to convey consciousness among women’s in our society, so that they can able to raise their voice against force. Our society, legal defenders should recognize it is the force of human rights. The jurisprudence sends out a powerful message to our society that the male high quality based on patriarchal doctrine will non be tolerated. In order to convey justness and to ease the execution of the act, our bing societal norms and construct of maleness that consequences gender favoritism demand to be transformed to accomplish meaningful responses to Domestic Violence Act. Mentions Badrinath, P. ( 2011 ) .The Challenge of subjectiveness within Courts: Interpreting the Domestic Violence Act. Economic A ; Political Weekly, XLVI( 12 ) , 15-18. Jhamb, B. ( 2011, 13 August ) . The Missing Link in the Domestic Violence Act.Economic A ; Political Weekly, XLVI( 33 ) , 45-50. International Institute of Population Science A ; Macro International. ( 2007 ) .National Family Health Survey ( NFHS-3 ) , 2005-2006: Bharat: Volume I. Bombay: IIPS Lawyers Collective Women’s Rights Initiative. ( 2013 ) . Sixth Monitoring A ; Evaluation Report on the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. Staying Alive: Evaluating Court Orders. Retrieved from Lawyers Collective Women’s Rights Initiative web site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lawyerscollective.org/publications/6th-monitoring-and-evaluation-report-staying-alive-evaluating-court-orders.html

TMA04_B200B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TMA04_B200B - Essay Example Weber saw all large organisations as bureaucratic in nature and the need to control and regulate work routines. Emile Durkheim was much less concerned with matters of work and organisation than Weber and Marx (Lincoln, 2004) but did write substantially on culture, which has an indirect significance for the study of organisations. Weber argued that organizations are means of coordinating human activities and what they produce in a systematic way, and emphasized the role of controlling information in developing organisations as well as written rules related to its functioning. In short, his concept of the bureaucratic organisation is characterised by a clear hierarchical structure, rules and regulations, division of labour and specialisation etc. In a bureaucracy, roles and relationships are clearly defined, and it is based on a legal-rational type of authority derived â€Å"from the belief in the legitimacy of law† (Nickinovich, 2000, p. 267). Also in a bureaucracy, offices are clearly specified and officials are appointed on the basis of a contract being subject to a unified control and disciplinary system (Salaman reader, p. 98-99). Weber regarded bureaucracy as â€Å"the most efficient way of running large organisations† (Buchanan, 1997, p. 366) because of its rational basis, and likened them to sophisticated machines. He also associated it with precision, reliability and speed. It is the standardisation in terms of rules and procedures to govern employee behaviour and decisions taken according to set criteria, that gives bureaucracy its strength. This is because â€Å"rules serve to direct individual action in ways that promote the technical efficiency of the organisation† (Nickinovich, 2000, p. 268). Contrary to Weber regarding bureaucracy as efficient, in practice it is also considered to be inefficient, so much so that the term ‘bureaucracy’ now has some negative connotations as it did

Knowledge, Innovation and New product Development Essay

Knowledge, Innovation and New product Development - Essay Example rowth rate as compared to the already developed markets; and the economically developed countries like US and Germany are facing greater heat of recession with surging economic crises. Therefore one can think of investment in either India or China. I took India as the country to develop new product because cosmetic, especially 100% herbal and vegetarian Lipstick with variety of shades can be a new product that can be developed in an Indian Market. The increasing urbanization and a growth in the number of office workers have resulted in a strong focus on grooming in that country. 65% of the total population of India is below 35 years of age but only around 30% of the women use lipsticks in India, so there is a wide scope to flourish in India. The USP (unique selling proposition) of this product is its attribute of being 100% Herbal and Vegetarian as almost 40% of the total population in India is vegetarian and till now no other company has launched this type of product in the Indian M arket. Cosmetics and toiletries have seen tremendous growth in 2007. Growth was partly due to high levels of inflation but volume sales also saw dynamic growth. Rising income levels resulted in lower-income groups being able to afford more cosmetics and toiletries and also saw many trading up from unpackaged to packaged products. Meanwhile, mid- and high-income consumers in urban areas began to seek out value-added mass brands and premium products. India can be taken as the country to sell the product as Indian females are considered an epitome of beauty and they are more and more becoming beauty and fashion conscious. The product that can be marketed is a wide range of cosmetics (100%Vegetarian) especially lipsticks and it can be launched in the Indian market by the name: This indeed is true because people will not normally forget the hospitability offered at the service based organization like restaurant, beauty parlor, consultancy firm etc and especially the cosmetic

Friedman Paragraph Graded Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Friedman Paragraph Graded - Assignment Example Diverting the attention of the public from politics to economy development requires education skills. The political aspirants should focus on the tactics they can apply to help the United States chant her way out of economic crisis. It is true that the current generation is lacking ample knowledge in solving the economic crisis. The causes and solutions of the economic crisis are well stipulated in educational concepts. If the concepts are gained by majority, the problem would be easily averted (4:03 – 9:10). For instance, the technological advancement and understanding of the current technology has enabled people to connect and share development ideas through the social media such as face book. This implies that if everyone understands the real problems affecting the economy, people can share ideas that can solve the crisis. Referring to the Friedman’s idea, offering jobs alone is not enough to deliver the expected results as the performance will be low (4:03 – 9:10). The strategy in uplifting the job sector should focus on hiring employees who can invent and reinvent the strategies aimed at improving performance in the changing economic times (4:03 – 9:10). It is true that education is one of the prominent pillars of the economy (15:55 – 18:05). The efficiency of the other pillars is a product of educational knowledge and skills provided through

Coping Mechanisms in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five Essay

People react differently to tragedies: some mourn, some speak up, and some avoid the sorrow. In Slaughterhouse-Five, Kurt Vonnegut suggests the danger and inhumanity of turning away from the discomfort by introducing Billy Pilgrim as someone who is badly affected by the aftermath of the Dresden bombing, and the Tralfamadorians as the aliens who provide an easy solution to Billy. It is simpler to avoid something as tragic as death, but Vonnegut stresses the importance of confronting it. Vonnegut, like many artists, expresses his ideas through his creations. The significance of art is not confined to helping and inspiring the general public; the process of creating art also becomes another form of coping mechanism for artists. In Slaughterhouse-Five, Vonnegut expresses one of his ideas by focusing on the emotional impact of wars, instead of historical details. Because of this, Slaughterhouse-Five has received criticism for not being an accurate account of the Dresden bombing. There is no cause and effect in the book, not even a climax that is common to making it a good work of fiction. Vonnegut puts together the novel with small episodes and scatters them throughout the book without an actual timeline – the readers are traveling with Billy being spastic in time, living in the past, the present, and the future. It is, after all, not a history book but a science fiction novel. Vonnegut clarifies the logic of the novel’s style through the Tralfamadorians, who explain to Billy the layout of their books: â€Å"There is no beginning, no middle, no end, no suspense, no moral, no causes, no effects. What we love in our books are the depths of many marvelous moments seen all at one time† (Vonne gut 112). It is clear that the Tralfamadorians... ... Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five. New York: Dial. 2009. Print. Vees-Gulani, Suzanne. â€Å"Diagnosing Billy Pilgrim: A Psychiatric Approach to Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five.† Critique 44.2 (2003): 175-84. Print. Rackstraw, Loree. â€Å"The Vonnegut Cosmos.† The North American Review 267.4 (Dec. 1982): 63-67. JSTOR. Web. 25 Sept. 2011. Simpson, Josh. â€Å"‘This Promising of Great Secrets’: Literature, Ideas, and the (Re)Invention of Reality in Kurt Vonnegut’s God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater, Slaughterhouse-Five, and Breakfast of Champions Or ‘Fantasies of an Impossibly Hospitable World’: Science Fiction and Madness in Vonnegut’s Troutean Trilogy.† Critique 45.3 (2004): 261-71. Print. Grace, Gillian. â€Å"Music for a broken city: The Cellist of Sarajevo is a novel-length lament of war.† Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. CBC, 22 April. 2008. Web. 28 Sept. 2011.