Theories on Criminal Behavior

There ar many theories that digest an explanation of turn way. match to just about theories, tatterdemalion doings is innate in an respective(prenominal). Other theories say that crime is influenced by environ mental, economic, and psychological aspects (University of northern Texas, nd). Biological Theories fit in to the biological theories, miserables prevail a disparate physiological makeup from non- reprehensibles. Their biological execrable quality is what pushes them to resort to criminal activities.There had been multiple studies that attempts to reveal out if criminality is hereditary by analysis of family trees, identical and fraternal twins, statistics, and become children. However, these plan of attackes put superstar across proved futile be earn they feces non contend hereditary from environmental influences (University of nitrogen Texas, nd). contemporary researches, on the other hand, has discovered a wide array of biological factors that pis s direct or indirect confederacy with criminal or delinquent activities.Among them be lack of chemicals, minerals, and vitamins in the food they eat, scratch line and carbohydrates-rich food, and hypoglycemia. Exposure to radiation, dysfunctions in the brain, and swal hap slighting of food dyes and go past also play an important aim in criminal behaviors. Likewise, criminal acts have something to do with hormonal abnormalities, particularly those that be connected with testoster unmatched (the male sex horm iodine) and progester ane and estrogen (the sex hormones related to female). By injecting estrogen to male sex offenders would decrease their sexual drives(University of labor union Texas, nd).In addition, biological theorists in like manner believe that the interplay of biological, environmental and social conditions can have an effect on criminal behavior. The genetic makeup of the criminal gives them a predisposition to act in a certain manner. The environmental and s ocial conditions determines the certain behavior as tumesce as the commentary of that act(University of trades union Texas, nd). Psychological Theories The impression that criminal behavior is caused by low intelligence gained ground in the unify States.In order to prove this view, a involve was conducted in 1931 and reached a zero correlation in the midst of the intelligence of an individual and criminal behavior(University of northwards Texas, nd). According to Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic theory, criminal behaviors atomic number 18 associated with psychopaths or those who have internal problems that have been unresolved. Psychopaths are deal who are rules by senseless guilt, unverifiable conscience, and no do not have a go at it how to distinguish right from wrong. In general, they fall out it hard to establish relationships with other spate and do not know how to be emphatic(University of North Texas, nd).Sociological TheoriesAccording to sociologists, how pack behave is immovable by the social group as well as the social structure. The conditions of their clubhouse whitethorn cause them to commit crimes and delinquency(University of North Texas, nd).Sub-cultural Theory of DelinquencyIn the 1920s, the Chicago School, composed of sociologists, seek to discover the connection betwixt the crime rate of a confederation and its characteristics. According to this theory, social disorganization can take vest in a similarity where the rate of delinquency is high.Social disorganization takes place when1) in that respect is absence of delinquency influence2) the criminal behavior is most of the cartridge holder with the consent of parents as well as the community3) the opportunity for delinquency presents itself 4) there is minimal encouragement, training, or possibility for licit employment(University of North Texas, nd).Anomie TheoryThis theory was proposed by Robert Merton in 1938. Anomie explains the major difference in the midst o f the cultural objectives and social structure of the fall in States. People experience strain as a result of their limited access code to effectual means of achieving riches.In order to bang up with this inadequacy, people accumulate wealth through illegal modes as well as through conformity. Other forms of adaptation, correspond to the anomie theory, include ritualism, wherein the individual does not pursue the wealth actively, and rebellion, where the individual does not accept both the goal of the wealth as well as the legal means of obtaining it(University of North Texas, nd).Differential AssociationThis theory, introduced by Edwin Sutherland, is one of the major beliefs that explains the causes of criminal behavior.According to Sutherland, criminal behavior takes place because the delinquent individual has been endangered to criminal elements and isolated from anti-criminal patterns(University of North Texas, nd).Social learning TheoryAccording to the principles of l earning theory, the best way to approach criminality is to implement policies that would effectively retaliate criminals. Sadly, this is not being implemented in the United States. At present, the delinquent individual is usually not incarcerated and returned to the same community where they have been exposed to criminal behavior.Likewise, the regularity of punishment lacks consistency and is not forthwith implemented. Alternative or prosocial behaviors is not rewarded with collateral reinforcement(University of North Texas, nd).Social Control TheoryThe social give theory does not attempt to uncover the cases wherefore criminal behavior is connected but rather focuses on why people conform and accept these behaviors(University of North Texas, nd). Travis Hirschi, in his 1969 book Causes of Delinquency, provides a complete presentation of contemporary social discover theory.In his book, Hirschi concluded that delinquent behavior is plausibly unless the offender is exposed in a society that is characterized by attachment to other people, commitment to traditional means of action, affaire in usual activities, and concurrence to lesson order and law(University of North Texas, nd). Moreover, Hirschi explained that the leading cause of delinquency is ineffective child rearing, which results to individuals with low self- determine(University of North Texas, nd).Labeling TheoryThis theory places emphasis on the criminalization process itself as the reason for some crimes.The criminalization process refers to the definition of criminals and delinquent behavior. According to the labeling theory, the first sequence a person commits a delinquent act and gets punished by the criminal system, they are already viewed as a criminal and it eventually becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy(University of North Texas, nd).Conflict TheoryThis theory delves on the struggle between rich and poor, management and employees, majority and nonage group. According to the conflic t theory, society involves conflicts between rival interest groups and that the law and nicety system functions in order to control subordinate groups.Crime results from the lack of power(University of North Texas, nd).Radical/ red ink TheoryAccording to this theory, capitalism demands competition of people in order to gain material wealth. Because of the pettish distribution of wealth, people have interpreted advantage of people who are less powerful than them as they accumulate wealth(University of North Texas, nd). According to the radical theory, criminal behavior is caused by what Marx calls class struggle (University of North Texas, nd).Real Life Cases of Criminal Behavior For a period of two years, FBI Special divisor Robert Hazelwood and Janet Warren from the University of Virginias nominate of Psychiatry and Law conducted interviews of 41 men who were convicted for the muff of 837 victims. Based on the interviews, 55-61% of the criminals perpetrate premeditated rape during the first, middle, and final act. 15 22% of the criminals said that their acts were results of their impulse eyepatch 22 24% said that the opportunity to rape presented itself(Hazelwood & Warren, 1990).According to Janet Warren from the University of Virginia, there are systems of sexual attacks on women. The first one is called the con approach. In this method, the raper openly talks to their victims and asks if they can do anything to serve up them. As soon as the victim is within their control, that is the time they perpetrate their roughshod plans. This was the case used by one of the interviewed rapists named John, who was responsible for raping 20 victims(Hazelwood & Warren, 1990). The second method used by rapist is the blitz.Here the rapist forciblely assaults their victims by using chemicals or gases. Most of the times, however, they use their strength to submerge the woman. This was the case of 28 year-old Phil, who raped one of his victims in a vehicle(Haz elwood & Warren, 1990). Finally, the third method is the surprise. In this approach, the rapist pre-selects their would-be victim. The physical assault is perpetrated by the offender waiting for the woman. Weapons, such as guns or knives, as well as threats are conglomerate in the surprise approach. 24-year old surface-to-air missile chooses his victims by observing her patterns.He was able to rape 20 victims before he was caught(Hazelwood & Warren, 1990).ConclusionThere are many theories that explain the reasons why people resort to criminal behaviors. The causes of criminality may be psychological, social, or biological.ReferencesExplaining Crime. University of North Texas. Retrieved July 21 2008 from http//www. unt. edu/cjus/Course_Pages/CJUS_2100/2100chapter3. pptHazelwood, R. , & Warren, J(February 1990). The Criminal Behavior of the Serial Rapist. Holysmoke. Org. Retrieved July 21 2008 from http//www. holysmoke. org/fem/fem0126. htm