Rate of Reaction Coursework Essay -- GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investi

Investigate if changing the concentration of an venereal infection will depart the rate of the reaction when marble is dissolved in hydrochloric astringent.ApparatusMarble ChipsConical FlaskHydrochloric AcidGas SyringeDelivery Tube apprehend WatchFair TestTo make the experiment a fair test I will use the same amount of acidfor apiece concentration. I will do this by using a capillary tubebecause they are very accurate. I will use 3g of marble in eachconcentration of acid. I will clean everything egress before I start thenext experiment with a different experiment.Safety======atomic number 12 is flamable and when it reacts with acid an exothermicreaction takes place releasing a large amount of heat energy. Acidsare corosive so saftey glasses must be worn. regularityI will use Marble chips all of a small size. I have decided to use 3gor marble chips. The amount of acid I have decided on is 20ml. I willmeasure this by using a burette, a very thin tube that lets out theacid when you turn the tap it stays very accurate amounts of acid. Ican measure the speed of the reaction by how much gas is given off. Ican measure this in cm3 in a gas syringe. When the experiment takesplace, I will take the reading every 10 second to get a good graph forthe results. If the reaction goes very quickly, I will take thereadings every five seconds. I will use acid of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5molar concentrations. To be sure I can rely on my results I willrepeat he experiment twice or triplet times if necessary, because thereis chance of inaccurate results for many reasons.Calcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric acid Calcium Chloride + Water +Carbon DioxideCaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2Prediction==========I predict that if the concentration of the Hydrochloric a... ...would have been a lot similar. If I did use Powder however, theconcentration of acid whitethorn have had to be weakened as the reactionwould have taken place a lot quicker due to the very large surfacearea and readings would nt have been as accurate. Secondly, aninaccuracy may have been caused by the fact that the temperature mayhave dropped during the reaction. This could have been used if I useda water bath to heat up the acid to a constant temperature. You haveto allow for a margin of human error during the experiment, somepeople react slower than others and you have to rely on the persontaking the readings with the stopwatch. The results were reliablebecause they were almost the same in both experiments, even thoughthere was an anomalous result it happened in both experiments, so theresults were still relibale, I have no explination for the anomalousresult.

Music Education Advances Culture Essay examples -- School Art Essays

Music Education Advances CultureWith many music programs now beginning to be cut from public schools, music educators now find themselves having to defend the value of their fine art in an groomingal setting. Most educators view music education to be an important aspect of overall education, but they view it as luxury rather than a necessity. Often times, music and art education unfortunately slide by the way when tough budget cuts have to be made. Some people even believe that the arts should not be included in computer program because it is difficult to evaluate art formally. Others believe that a culture as advanced as ours should have the arts as the keystone of our educational system. I believe that music education plays an important and valuable role in the further development of our culture and is essential to a good education. Music education is important in the development of a stronger culture and society because it encourages creativity and individuality. Students are provided with an opportunity to expand their minds and experience what their true potential is through the art of music. This encourages individual opinions and allows students to draw their own conclusions without a correct or incorrect answer. I believe that music education should be a keystone in the foundation of our educational system. As Williams states, the arts are a basic and central medium of human communication and understanding.(Williams 190) Music communicates aurally what we can not put into words or visual images. Music and the other arts should be treated as essential to improving and strengthening our culture. Music incessantly requires more than 100%. It is not enough just to play all the correct notes. Musicians strive for something greater than ... ...and increased math and reading scores. I hazard that we will find that music directly impacts math and reading skills. I believe that music requires a more diversified utilization of the brain, and that it inher ently combines twain math and communication skills. Yes, it is true that music may not twin into our modern mold of statistics, test scores, and financial value. Although music may not fit the mold, it is essential to all advanced cultures and its value is shown throughout the history of the world. Although technology in the modern world offers quick satisfaction, we must remember that without music and the arts culture becomes stagnant. Music is essential to our culture and should be essential to our educational system.Works CitedDahl, Ronald. Burned out and boredHughes, Robert. Behold the Stone AgeWilliams, Harold M. jadet Ignore the Arts

Shirley Jacksons The Lottery and Albert Camus The Guest :: essays research papers

Two great works known for irony, in sensation a great author, Albert Camus, creates a masterpiece and in the other, a masterpiece creates a great author, Shirley Jackson. Camus had been known to the world and his works had been study even without the social movement of lhote or known as The Guest, but Shirley Jackson was a nobody till she wrote The Lottery and stunned the world.Both works are studied as pieces of irony but I believe both to be great works in other, with a twist of irony in the conclusion, although, outlay mentioning, the ironies both serve to the other purpose rather than the plane simple sake of irony.The Guest, a pen and paper advert for Paul Sartres Existentialism, carries traces of this panorama throughout, while, The Lottery, being a symbolic society questioner, with its many symbols undermines the American society. But both short stories carry within them even more, they talk of breaking the norms, they intercommunicate of minorities, giving up, and wast e of look.The Existentialists say man is free to choose yet the choice and having to choose is inevitable and this is seen in The Guest where the Arab is forced into Darus life so thrusting upon him the crossroad of what to do with the Arab, either turn him in or let him go. In Existentialist belief due to the exact alike choice man is always anxious and hesitant, not knowing whether his choice is proper or not, is it accepted by others or not, and this is seen so clearly once again by the simple repetition of the word hesitation and its other forms in the story1.The orders? Im not Daru hesitated A choice forced upon him2.He served Balducci more tea, hesitated, the Hesitation onward the person forcing the situation upon him3.The old gendarme hesitated. Its up to you Hesitation while swaying choice4.The Arab hesitated, then bit into Hesitation before even lifes inevitables such as eating5.In the classroom, before going out, he hesitated a second Hesitation before devising a cho ice6.Looked hesitantly at the motionless Arab Hesitation before the source of choice7.Daru hesitated. The sun rather high Hesitant look at lifeIn the end Daru tries to get out of choosing by putting responsibility of the choice on the Arab but this in itself is again choosing.Existentialist beliefs express the dilemma in life and again is shown by Daru not being able to decide what to do with the Arab, whether to go against his country, and let the Arab free to choose, or go against his morals, and turn him in, and all life comes to the crossroad dilemma between freedom and prison for the Arab.

Organic vs. Sustainable Agriculture Essay -- Compare Contrast Agricult

Organic vs. Sustainable AgricultureAgriculture, to many is just an labor of farmers and cows. Most people cant even come close to fathom just how essential the continuance of agriculture is to not just our hygienic being, but our very lives. People of the United States have been spoiled, theyve never had to worry about the grocery stores running empty because, even to this day, there hasnt been a problem growing enough to fertilise, not only the U.S. but a good part of the world too. The day though is fast approaching that we wint be able to keep those grocery stores stocked. Due to the depletion of the vital resources, needed to produce our nutrient, it is becoming increasingly challenging for todays agriculturalists to feed the world. The only way to be able to keep up with the exponentially growing population and shrinking resource base, is to radically change how we produce our food or we will be looking at a huge crisis in the very near future. From this, need of new farmin g and production techniques, comes a couple new practices that will be discussed in this publication. One is sustainable, and the other is organic crop production. In the following, both practices will be discussed in lucubrate hopefully clearing the air on which practice, in the long run should be the path production agriculture takes. Organic Agriculture, as defined by the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) Is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity. It is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain, and enhance ecological harmony. Which is very fancily put for agriculture with as little man made input as poss... ...perations future sustainability.SourcesBrodt, S, Feenstra, G, Kozloff, R, Klonsky, K, Tourte, L. (2006). Farmer federation connections and the future of ecological agriculture in California. Agriculture and Human Values, 23,7 5-88. Fouche, C, Tourte, L, Gaskell, M, Smith, R, Koike, S, T. Mitchell, J. (2006) Organic Certification, Farm Planning, Management, and Marketing. Publication 7247, 1-6 Earles, R, Williams, P. (2005) Sustainable Agriculture An introduction. Retrieved October 22, 2006, from http//attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/PDF/sustagintro.pdf Gegner, L, Kueper, G. (2004) Organic Crop Production Overview. Retrieved October 22, 2006, from http//attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/PDF/organiccrop.pdf Pimentel, D. (2005) Environmental, energetic, and economical comparisons of organic and conventional farming systems. Bioscience, v. 55, no. 7, 573-579

Corporate Control of the Media Defines Our Culture :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Corporate Control of the Media Defines Our Culture Viacom is on the warpath. They got your MTV, and Blockbuster, and even Paramount pictures. Forrest Gump is on the payroll. Any rock band or rap artist who wants to be anything is too. They own your music and your movies and a lot of the television you watch, and pretty soon theyll probably own in all the books you read. They dont just supply the movies or music, either. First they proclaim you what youre going to like- -they lifted Forrest Gump all the way to an Oscar--and then they give it to you. And, if theyre marketing is as good as it usually is, youre probably going to like it. They hold your tastes. They rule your culture. Viacom is everywhere. Viacom sucks. Viacom, with billions of dollars in their infantry, is conquering culture. Theyre not the only corporate general, though, leading the charge. Time/Warner has a formidable platoon, buying up magazines and chain stores and TV stations. Steven Spielberg, David Geffen, and Jeffrey Katzenberg, all with so much money they bottomt even spend it, just formed a multi-billion dollar media conglomerate called DreamWorks SKG. They want movies and music and TV and computers and anything else that entertains us. They want it all, and IBM and Microsoft and MCA records, among others round out the all-star corporate squad, ar looking to get in on the deal. The war for cultural dominance is on, with billions and even trillions of dollars on the line. Everyone stand aside. The big guys are here to fight, and fight hard. Culture is a multi-billion dollar industry. Movies, computers, books, CDs, theme parks--theyre what the Statesns spend their money on. Everyone has seen Jurassic Park. Everyone has heard Michael Jackson. Entertainment, and the culture it defines, is something we all share, something that unifies the American, and even world, experience. Little else can or does. Movies, music, TV especially have occasion the cultural staples of our time. A numbe r one song can make you a millionaire, and some movies become so popular that literally everyone has seen them. Entertainment defines the American scene. It is our culture. It is, then, inevitably a part of everyones life, if not only through your pocketbook. This, then, is what drives the battle to conquer culture--your money. American culture--what America reads, listens to, and watches--grows larger and larger every year, expanding like the Blob(a cultural icon) not only across the country but also across the world.

Corporate Control of the Media Defines Our Culture :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Corporate Control of the Media Defines Our Culture Viacom is on the warpath. They got your MTV, and Blockbuster, and even Paramount pictures. Forrest Gump is on the payroll. Any rock band or rap workman who asks to be anything is too. They own your music and your movies and a lot of the television you watch, and pretty soon theyll probably own all the books you read. They dont just supply the movies or music, either. first off they tell you what youre going to worry- -they lifted Forrest Gump all the way to an Oscar--and then they give it to you. And, if theyre marketing is as good as it usually is, youre probably going to like it. They rule your tastes. They rule your culture. Viacom is everywhere. Viacom sucks. Viacom, with billions of dollars in their infantry, is conquering culture. Theyre not the only corporate general, though, leading the charge. Time/Warner has a formidable platoon, buying up magazines and chain stores and TV stations. Steven Spielberg, David Geffen, and Jeffrey Katzenberg, all with so much money they cant even spend it, just formed a multi-billion dollar media conglomerate called DreamWorks SKG. They want movies and music and TV and computers and anything else that entertains us. They want it all, and IBM and Microsoft and MCA records, among others rounding out the all-star corporate squad, are looking to get in on the deal. The war for cultural dominance is on, with billions and even trillions of dollars on the line. Everyone stand aside. The big(a) guys are here to fight, and fight hard. Culture is a multi-billion dollar industry. Movies, computers, books, CDs, theme parks--theyre what Americans spend their money on. Everyone has seen Jurassic Park. Everyone has heard Michael Jackson. Entertainment, and the culture it defines, is some(a)thing we all share, something that unifies the American, and even world, experience. small else can or does. Movies, music, TV especially have become the cultural staples of our time. A number one song can make you a millionaire, and some movies become so popular that literally everyone has seen them. Entertainment defines the American scene. It is our culture. It is, then, inevitably a part of everyones life, if not only through your pocketbook. This, then, is what drives the battle to conquer culture--your money. American culture--what America reads, listens to, and watches--grows larger and larger every year, expanding like the Blob(a cultural icon) not only across the country but also across the world.

Adorno notes Essay

Theory Adorno argues that Capitalism provides society with the products of a horticulture industry in order to declare them passive to their positions and prevent them from questioning it. Capitalism use ups culture as a way of securing the status quo by providing society with the norms and values of the dominant class.Popular culture is the reason for society being passive towards their positions and uninterested in overthrowing the capitalist placement through reminding them that this is the way it hould be. Cultural industries produce unsophisticated, repetitive products rather than something which may lead society to question life. They produce programmes with hidden messages which are absorbed by the viewer, enforcing the norms and values of the capitalists.False needs are created by the capitalist schema in order to keep society in a placid state, wanting something that they have been told they should want but that they do non need. This is created and satisfied by the capitalist ystem while also working in their interest. In television, the difference between high and low culture barely exists as it is so tardily accessed by everyone and so class distinctions fade unlike the opera where it is only accessible to a few and so is still seen as high culture.Adorno uses the physical exercise of an underpaid schoolteacher who is living in poverty but is clever and so the underlying message is that she will be okay because she is intelligent. He argues how dangerous the use of stereotypes are ithin television, he uses the example of a young, pretty girl who the viewer should instantly like because she is pretty, a pretty girl can do no wrong and so even when she does do wrong, she gets off very lightly with it.Lecture notes Critical theory not keen on television not for effect of violence/propaganda Mass audience same thing sold at the same time, different to live/ blind TV entertainment, not art = big audience = big profit repetitive, series, s easons, run on investment hrough advertising Compound industrial form, tv is accumulation of radio/film/plays/ medicine/novels Dumbling down? tv is art, freedom of the art to express anything, mass culture, makes money, profits, advertising Critique of ideology obscures real conditions of existence, smooths over issues/contradictions, system of ideas for everyone, relies on compliance of workers with system Critical theory commercial/ capital interests dominate Critique/opposition/reason suppressed TV more complex more layers, can be critical

Bonnie & Clyde Film Analysis

The 1967 film just and Clyde took many liberties with the infamous couples true story. It is to be judge coming from Hollywood but is nevertheless disappointing if youre looking for accuracy and fact. From their meeting all the way to their terminal scene the film is riddled with inaccuracies and half-truths. In the life accounts of Bonnie and Clyde, the couple met at a friends house, becoming inseparable. In the film, a cocky and arrogant Clyde is creeping around prohibitedside of Bonnies house, casing out her mothers car to steal.Bonnie catches him and goes with him to town and examinees him rob a grocery store out front jumping into the car to escape and molesting him as they speed away. After watching the documentary, the premiere few scenes in the film seem overly forced and unbelievable. Im sure that was all added for dramatic effect and to garner interest in their story, however it seems to me that sooner of stealing out of necessity and frustration as Clyde had starte d out, the film seems to show him acting out of pleasure.The film skips completely around Clydes Back story and the rea give-and-takes wherefore he is robbing in the first place. They dont seem to take much account of his criminal past and prison time except to mention him cutting murder his toes twice. The film also would lead you to believe that Bonnie is slutty and wild in nature, someone who is always craving more out of life and dejection all find it by running around with Clyde shooting people. I call in in the labor to make this film seem exciting and grand the producers left wing out the important information about how Bonnie and Clydes relationship tangiblely grew.They left out the mention of all of the love letters the couple exchange that undoubtedly deepened and pushed their love for each other along in life. As a matter of fact they didnt show or allude to any disengagement of the couple at all in the film. While the film did stray and change their story, they did ad some interesting imagery leading up to and during the remnant scene. In Bonnies poem about her and Clyde she uses the line If they try to act like citizens and rent them a nice little flat, about the third night theyre invited to fight by a sub-guns rat-tat-tat.In an ironic twist the producers end the movie with the couple being killed while onerous to do a normal comfortably citizen type deed. It is after Clyde stops to help W. Ds father with his tire that the couple is killed in a hail of gunfire. The editing in the death scene also shows a flock of birds being startled from the tree row right before the gunfire starts. You see the birds take off and watch as Bonnie looks to the birds and trees, and can see the recognition on her face that something is very(prenominal) wrong.In her poem Bonnie also mentions pigeons along with spotters and rats, in reference to jurisprudence or the law. Fitting then that the pigeons take off from the trees that the cops themselves atom ic number 18 hiding in, making Bonnie and Clyde aware that something is about to happen. One of the central themes that you can follow in the film and in Bonnie and Clydes real lives is the idea of family. You can see that Bonnie and Clyde kept a tight knit free radical in the film and in life. Clyde taking on a father figure to Bonnie as well as a lover of sorts.Clydes familiar Buck was his literal brother and also seemed to act brotherly toward the group as a whole, He helped them along and offered encouragement. His wife Blanche was the motherly conscious of the group, trying to get them to stop and act right. W. D. In the film was a composite of several characters, acting as kind of a slow little brother at times and also engageing the role of some of Clydes prison bud blow overs. The film portrayed W. D. As someone who blindly followed Bonnie and Clyde, admiring and emulating them in an effort to impress them and make himself a needed member of the group.Bonnie and Blanche did not get along, but Bonnie went so far as to take on a motherly role to Blanche as well in the film, comforting her and in one scene, caring for the wounds to Blanches eyes, It is also hinted at in the film that W. D. Had a vanquish on Bonnie or thought to impress her in some way. Also noticeable is how the group really does need each other, They each fill a familial role and are always looking out for each other during their gun battles with the police. It is seen many times in the fact that they are constantly slowing down the car to let one of the group jump in as they escape.In many of the car scenes you can see them holding onto each other, tending to their various wounds. In one scene in particular you can witness the love that both W. D. And Clyde both share for Bonnie as she is hit by gunfire and laying out in a field. W. D. And Clyde both appear distraught and steal a car before carefully picking Bonnie up and taking her away. This leads to W. D. Taking the couple to h is fathers home and insisting on their care, When his father insults the pair in conversation with W. D.And criticizes his son for a large chest tattoo he has gotten, the producers make a big deal to show how indignant W. D. Gets about it, stating that Bonnie thinks the tattoo is expectant and then defends his friends to his father. The last bit of difference between real and film that didnt go over well with me was how the film depicted the death scene. It is made very apparent in life and in the film that Bonnie and Clyde desperately needed each other emotionally in a very real way. Throughout their time together from words and actions it is made plain that they love each other very deeply.It is also simple fact that they did indeed die together side by side in the car. In the real photos you can see Clyde in the drivers seat slumped over and riddled with bullets. Bonnie physically rests against him on his right shoulder in death, the two are physically touching in their final mo ments. The film took that away from them, depicting Bonnie as dangling upside down out of the car while her lover is outside of the car laying face down in the dirt. Overall, I think this was one of the biggest differences between the film and life that should not have been altered.

The Working Girls

Women are entering the patience market in greater numbers and are staying in it longer and for a larger proportion of their operate lives (Looking 1996). When asked what they want, women respond in survey after survey pay equity, break up proceeds, or more money (Looking 1996). In other words, women believe they are not being paid what they are worth (Looking 1996). This is a common result up-and down the income spectrum, women from the executive suite to the factory floor, from the office to the washroom, all feel that they are underpaid (Looking 1996).During the 1970s, women giveed 59 pct of what men earned, and today they generally earn approximately 72 percent of what men earn (Looking 1996). However, although womens earnings get hold of risen, about 3/5 of the narrowing of the gap is due to the fall in mens real earnings (Looking 1996). Moreover, the wage gap grows as women and men age, the gap is relatively small for young women and men, but thereafter mens wages increas e sharply while womens do not (Looking 1996). In fact, the average woman in her working prime, in her early forties, makes only about the aforesaid(prenominal) as a man in his late twenties (Looking 1996).About fifteen years ago, it all seemed possible, to bring shell the bacon, fry it up in a pan, split the second shift with some sensitive New Age man, however slowly the upbeat work-life rhythm has changed for professional women (Wallis 2004). Although many countries have given women the right to maternity leave and, sometimes, generous subsidies for child care, and some have even initiated a 35-hour workweek, however, the norm for most executives is withal 50 hours a week for women (Wallis 2004). harmonize to Catalyst, a U. S. esearch and consulting group, the average number for executives in the U. S. is roughly 70 hours a week (Wallis 2004).And for dual-career couples with children, the combined work hours have grown from 81 hours a week in 1977 to 91 hours per week in 2002, according to the Families and Work Institute (Wallis 2004). The U. S. Census data reveal an increase in homebody moms who hold graduate or professional degrees, these are the very women who seemed destined to blast through the glass ceiling, yet 22 percent of them are home with their children (Wallis 2004).A study by Catalyst found that one in three women with M. B. A. s are not working full-time, compared to one in twenty dollar bill of their male peers (Wallis 2004). Sylvia Ann Hewlett, economist and author at Columbia University in New York City, who sees a brain drain throughout the top 10 percent of Americas labor force, says What we have go baded in looking at this group over the last five years is that many women who have any kind of excerption are opting out (Wallis 2004).According to a new study released in March 2006 by Accenture, a global focus consulting company, women executives around the world still appear an uphill battle in piece of work equality, despite signi ficant gains during the past ten years (Most 2006). The study, entitled The Anatomy of the Glass Ceiling Barriers to Womens professional person Advancement, is based on a survey of 1,200 male and female executives in eight countries (Most 2006).The respondents were asked to score factors they believed influenced their career success across three dimension person (career planning, competence, assertiveness, etc. , company (supportive supervisors, transparent promotion processes, etc. ), and society (equal rights, government support of parental leave, etc. ) (Most 2006). The differences between male and female respondents answers were sued to calculate the menses thickness of the glass ceiling, a term used to describe an unacknowledged barrier that prevents women and other minorities from achieving positions of power or responsibility in their professions (Most 2006).According to the study, 30 percent of women executives and 43 percent of male executives believe that women have the same opportunities as men do in the workplace, thus supporting the existence of a glass ceiling (Most 2006). Although there has been some progress in shattering the glass ceiling over the past twenty years, disposals and societies need to understand how primary(prenominal) it is to capitalize and build upon the skills of women (Most 2006).In the Bem Sex Role Inventory, researcher Pamela Butler focused questions on real problems women face in changing stereotypical perceptions (Merrick 2000). According to Butler, there is intense pressure for professional women to conform to stereotypical roles such as cheerfulness, tenderness, and even gullibility (Merrick 2000). As women move into management in change magnitude numbers, it has become more apparent that these stereotypical beliefs ten to limit their advancement (Merrick 2000).The Catch 22 is that when women try strategies of gender-reversal and adopt the so-called male characteristics, they often find that they face another set o f problems, that of alienation and hostility, because as Butler points out, becoming one of the boys is harder than it looks (Merrick 2000). According to Butler, it takes cooperation from peers on the job to make strategies work, because research shows that attitudes held by those around a woman, even herself, hinder working relationships between women and men, and these attitudes ultimately are realized in losses of productivity and of real dollars to organizations (Merrick 2000).The purpose of Butlers research was to explore the morals of perpetuating gender stereotypes in management, and to investigate how the woman manager operates under the system with feminine traits that are perpetuated by socialization and, vice versa, as well as how she operates under the system when she adopts masculine traits that break gender roles (Merrick 2000).The choices of leadership styles pose ethical dilemmas for women, because to get along, the new-age woman manager often finds that she has to act one modal value on the outside while being driven by a very much different psyche on the inside (Merrick 2000). Moreover, she may discover that in the same way, her male colleagues act toward her one way on the outside yet feel very much differently about her on the job (Merrick 2000).The new-age woman manager also might find herself playing a cruel double game in which she is utilized to show the organization has non-discriminatory hiring practices, and at the same time she find she has to handle covert hostility from her colleagues in the workplace, who feel they have been forced to work with her to avoid trouble with the powers that be (Merrick 2000). Data collected by L. K. Brown reveals that 5 percent of the total worldwide managers in 1947 were women, while only 6 percent of all managers in 1978 were women (Merrick 2000).In the United States, the figures were 14 percent in 1947, compared to 22 percent thirty years later (Merrick 2000). However, most of the managerial posit ions held by women are in the fields of health administration, building supervision and restaurant management, meaning there are more women managers in fields that have traditionally been perceived womens work (Merrick 2000). A survey carried out by Fortune, found that only ten of 6,400 people who worked at managerial positions in 1,300 of the nations largest companies were women (Merrick 2000).Moreover, according to Brown, only 3 percent of women managers in the United States earn more than $25,000 annually (Merrick 2000). Brown concludes that larger companies are not promoting women on a large scale, and that women seeking top management posts may prefer smaller companies instead of large male-dominated companies (Merrick 2000). According to a Canadian survey, 55 percent believe that it is easier for men to advance in the workplace than women, and 42 percent of female executives who were surveyed believe that gender-based discrimination will never completely disappear from the wor kplace (Pollara 2000).

Love for Cooking Essay

Goal In this paper I seek to open to different ideas to cooking opposed to giving directions about how to cook. I tried to provide each reason with two examples to give readers a better understanding about what food can really be about. Evaluation I feel like I did tidy on the overview on covering all the basics on cooking to where its understandable and relateable opposed to committal to writing is as a recipe or directions list that most people would think cooking is about.Cooking a satisfying dish has three feelings. The commencement ceremony aspect that is usually the most important is eating with the eyes. An example is how the dish is plated, how it smells, and how appealing and appetizing it looks to the eye. Another example that compares to the first example is that if food is plated sloppy or looks and smells unappetizing, it generally doesnt catch peoples attention. A second aspect that relates to the first aspect is using fresh ingredients. Using fresh ingredients me ans a healthier meal, and also getting natural vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and ect. Another example is using fresh food opposed to processed food, because everyone wants to knows what theyre eating. One last aspect is making the dish taste fantastic. A dish that tastes keen has people eating more of it, even though it might not be good for them to over-stuff. Another reason is people asking for the recipe or asking the chef to prepare their meals boost confidence in the chef knowing she made a good meal for everyone. One thing that will always remain is that feeling of providing something delicious for the community that has them cominging back and a sense of happiness and successfullnes in a chef.

Most Played Online Games

Online Games 1 INTRODUCTION The y verbotenh of today no longer seem to spend their leisure activities like in the olden eld outdoor bet ons or performing with toys, instead, they spend their free time in their homes, internet cafes or computer shops simply to satisfy their hunger and that hunger is Online playing period. Online bid has such a profound impact on not only the young, but dynamically every age group as well. So far, or so any unitary is able to go on a computer and punch through the keys and mouse in order to ask a high score, chat with players, get the rargonst items, and level up as fast as possible.Yes, there seems to be no restriction as to whom, how or what online gaming can extend to. al nigh half of college students who play moving picture, computer or online mettlesomes admit that it keeps them from needing some or a lot, according to the Pew study. About 9 part state that gaming was a stylus to avoid studying. There are kids today that prefer to ski p condition and stay home to level up in aMMORPG spicy. The others that actually do attend school throw trouble concentrating because they are distracted. They are distracted because they consistently think about the online zippy and the plans that they are going to do.Resulting of this they hardly participate and get into class discussions. Since they spend whatever extra time they have in an online game, they fail to meet the requirements of school. This distressing stymy caught the attention of the research, because of whats happening to the youth. Why most of the students attract of the online games? Is because of the dadaismular online games? What are the popular online games? Does it affect their academic performance? Thats the question that commonwealth want to surely ask.For this, the researchers want to know the reason behind this what the most teenagers most played online games, and also to know if it is Affecting their academic performance. Online Games 2 canvas of Related Literature Top 10 Most Popular Online Games of 2007 During the first few years of their existence, people thought online games were doomed to be one gibe wonders, but this has proven to be untrue. Online games are extremely popular and are devouring the gaming market. 1. Pangya Before Pangya, online gamers never really had anything to say about golf.After Pangya, online gamers around the world have this to say about golf Super swing, Pangya This offbeat yet highly entertaining online game brought golf to the attention of millions of online gamers worldwide, and the phenomenon never seems to let go. Pangya Season 3, the latest expansion patch, brought the ever-popular Kaz the Samurai Warrior into the world of Pangya. Additional features from the new expansion patch includes several new golf courses, a revamped trading body where players may buy and sell in-game items, and, last but not the least, the much-awaited Overworld feature. 2.Ran Online Do you remember what it fee ls like to be the top student of your class? How about organism the class bully, or being bullied? If so, then this online game is set to blow you away. Ran Online is a campus-based online game in the tradition of Ragnarok Online. The creators have created a cryptical school environment where players are allowed complete freedom of movement. So now you can bring your character to the next level while exploring the games rich campus settings. You can also try your luck battling it out with other players in player vs. player, or PVP mode. Online Games 3 3.Granado Espada Known as The Sword of the New origination in the United States and other European countries, Granada Espada is the current trend setter in a competitive market. Available character classes include the fighter, the wizard, the musketeer, the Scout, and the Elementalist. The game developers, IMC Games, resolute to do away with the popular fantastical formula. They, instead, took a notorious era in the history of manki nd, the Age of Exploration, threw in a bunch of cool-looking characters, and created a game with tons of flare and personality. 4. RF Online Do you love magic and heavy machine guns?Then RF Online is for you. RF Online is the blockbuster online game from developer CCR. Set in the distant Novus system, a galaxy where high forms of sorcery and technology are at constant collision with one another, RF Onlines plot follows the three-party war between the Accretia clan, the Bellato clan, and the Cora clan. The game-play itself is unique when it comes to the use of race-specific abilities, something of a treat to look forward to in PVP. RF Online has recently become free to play in many countries around the world. 5. Perfect terra firma Perfect World is a tale of soul and swords.The games developers, inspired by ancient Chinese mythology, have succeeded in creating a world that defies all conventions. In Perfect World, beasts talk, gigantic birds rule the sky, and humans and elves fight together to bring good deal ferocious creatures. The game offer ups a plethora of interesting side-quests and features, including a territorial battle feature, a mount system, a marriage system, a crafting system, and a peal lock feature, specifically designed to combat the worsening crisis in account hacking. Online Games 4 6. net Fantasy XI Final Fantasy XI is an online gamer and Final Fantasy fanatics dream come true.In this game, players assume the role of any of the five tribes that inhabit the world of Vanadiel the Elvaan tribe, the Hume tribe, the Galka tribe, the Mithra tribe, and the Tarutaru tribe. The game has received a open-handed amount of critical applause since it initial release in 2002. 7. Fly for Fun Fly for Fun (sometimes called FlyFF) holds the record for being the first online game to offer complete freedom of movement in the air In this game, players can use a broom or a skateboard to soar and fly off to different parts of the world in their pursuit of stronger monsters to slay.The game is at its ninth version as of writing. Version 10 is slated to come out soon. Available classes include mercenary (becomes Knight or Blade), magician (becomes Psykeeper or Elementor), assist (becomes Ringmaster or Billposter), and acrobat (becomes Ranger or Jester). 8. Ragnarok Online Ragnarok Online may be the epitome of online gaming. No other online game managed to attract the attention of millions of PC gamers around the world at a time when network games, like Counter Strike and Starcraft were in general responsible for burnt crisp telly cards and hard drives. Ragnarok features an ensemble cast of fantasy character classes the mercenary class (good with the sword), the thief class (adept at sneaking and confusion), the mage class (adept at magic and sorcery), the archer class (good at long-distance combat), the acolyte class (party healers and buffers), and the merchant class (your average traders). Online Games 5 9. Tantra Online Tantra ma ny be a weird name, but its a great game. Set within an enigmatic universe where human summoners and ghastly monsters rule the land, Tantra is one of the most innovative online games of all time.All Tantra players are required to choose one of the three gods Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu. The consequence of your chosen god becomes evident once you enter the games fantastic PVP arena. Tantras PVP mode is like no other it is an assault on the senses. Depending on your chosen god, you will be transported to your gods castle, and as a follower it is your duty to launch an invasion on the castles of the other two gods. When the three tribes collide, all hell breaks loose, and that is when the game of Tantra reaches its finest hour. 10. World of WarcraftLegendary game developer, Blizzard took its award-winning fantasy world to new heights when it unleashed this mammoth online game. Available character classes include the druid, the hunter, the mage, the paladin, the priest, the rogue, the sham an, the warlock class and the warrior. Huge, breathing environments, a crafty whorl of playable classes, a thrifty trading system and an addictive PVP system makes this game a blast to play. Top 10 Most Popular Online Games of 2007. (2007). http//crunkish. com/top-10-online-games-of-2007/ Online Games 6 Video game use and academic performanceAmong gamers and public, there are differing opinions about motion picture games and how it affects childrens academic performance. Most gamers say it has a positive or no set on their academic performance, most parents and teachers I heard state the opposite. As for academia, well this article isnt the first to look at video game use and academic performance. There are certainly others, but this was in my personal library. This study analyzes the correlation between video game usage and academic performance. Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and grade-point average (GPA) get ahead were used to gauge academic performance.The amount of time a st udent spends playing video games has a negative correlation with students GPA and SAT scores. As video game usage increases, GPA and SAT scores decrease. A chi-squared analytic thinking found a p value for video game usage and GPA was greater than a 95% confidence level (0. 005 p 0. 01). This decision suggests that dependence exists. SAT score and video game usage also returned a p value that was significant (0. 01 p 0. 05). Chi-squared results were not significant when canvass time spent studying and an souls SAT score.This research suggests that video games may have a detrimental effect on an individuals GPA and possibly on SAT scores. Although these results show statistical dependence, proving cause and effect remains difficult, since SAT scores represent a sensation test on a given day. The effects of video games maybe be cumulative however, drawing a conclusion is difficult because SAT scores represent a measure of general knowledge. GPA versus video games is more relia ble because both involve a continuous measurement of engaged legal action and performance.The connection remains difficult because of the complex nature of student life and academic performance. Also, video game usage may simply be a function of specific personality types and characteristics. Anand, V. (2007). A study of time management The correlation between video game usage and academic performance markers. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(4), 552-559. Online Games 7 College students are avid gamers Video games arent just for kids. For American college students, games are as much a part of life as studying and partying.A study from Pew Internet Research finds that 70 percent of college students play video games at least once in a while. The study, Let The Games Begin Gaming technology and entertainment among college students, was conducted by Steve Jones, a professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Illinois at Chicago. The goal was to learn about the impac t of video games on college students lives. The survey was given to college students at four-year and two-year public and private colleges and universities between March 2002 and October 2002. Video games have transformed pop culture.Sales of video games have bypassed Hollywood box office receipts in the last few years. But only recently have researchers started studying the permeative impact of video games on young peoples lives. The Pew study comes on the heels of research from the University of Rochester that found college students who regularly play shoot-em-up video games have sharper visual skills than those who dont. The Pew study smashes a few gender stereotypes about avid gamers, finding that slightly more women (60 percent) than men (40 percent) report playing computer and online games.About the same number of men and women play video games. Women prefer computer games over violent video games played on consoles partly because they dont usually require the player to choos e a character. Online games like Diamond Mine or Tetris are popular among women because gender isnt an issue. Online Games 8 Men play for fun (45 percent) women play when theyre bored (33 percent). Video games are also a way guys bond with their buddies 51 percent of men believing that gaming improved their friendship with friends.Only 34 percent of women believe video games help their friendships. Nearly two-thirds of the students said games were a good way to spend time when friends werent around, but they also said that video games didnt take time away from family or friends. Average video gamers in college arent the stereotypical alienated loners locked away in darkened, pizza box-filled dorm rooms. Most of the studys participants had positive associations with video games, saying they felt winsome (36 percent) when they played or that they were challenging (45 percent).In particular, students said playing video games were a way to spend more time with their friends, one of the key trends spotted by the researchers. Rather than separating leisure activities like video games from the rest of their lives, college students stole time between classes to play or as a brief distraction from writing papers. Multi-tasking is also big on campus with students gaming while instant messaging or even downloading music. Video games are also prime-time for up-all-night college students. About 41 percent of college gamers play after 9 p. m. ith only 8 percent reporting that they play before noon. Weaver, Jane. (2007). http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/3078424/ns/technology_and_science-games/t/college-studen Online Games 9 Synthesis It is clear from the literature that the effect of video games on the youth is both positive and negative. Video games can certainly lead to negative effects such as social closing off and increased aggression, but they are going to remain a part of college culture for the imaginable future. It is important to understand the positive and negative aspects of video games.Playing games socially as part of balanced lifestyle seems to have some positive effects. Playing violent games is linked to several negative problems. The description of women in video games can have a negative effect on the gender views of men and the identity and self-worth of women. Some research has shown that video games may be one way to engage students more in the learning process. This seems especially true in areas involving analytical skills. They can contribute another way of learning in addition to the many other academic methods which are currently popular.There is ongoing research on how to best leverage games in education, if they should be used at all. Students and educators need to be aware of the dangers of excessive gaming. It can have academic, social, and spiritual consequences. Students have been known to completely disconnect from their friends and surroundings when playing games like World of Warcraft. As was shown by several statistic s presented earlier a small percentage of students, especially men, spend a huge amount of time playing video games. Balance needs to be emphasized as an important part of the healthy Christian lifestyle, and video games are no exception.

The Federal Reserve

The U. S. federal harbour dodge ECO/372 Sundeep Jain The U. S. Federal modestness System The Federal Reserve System was founded by coitus in 1913. It was created to be the central banking system of the U. S. The Federal Reserve is designed as the superior monetary monetary system of our country. The role of the Federal Reserve and its influence on the countries banking system has increased. The Federal Reserve System of the United States is what makes the financial wheel move. The Federal Reserve System is also known as the Central Bank of the United States.The Great Depression forced an overhaul of the state of the Federal Reserve System at that time. During the depression, many an(prenominal) banks closed its doors and aslo many companies failed due to bankruptcy. Consequently, the unemployment rate increased to levels unheard of. The Federal Reserve System monitors and controls the banking system of the United States. One of its major responsibilities of the Reserve System is to brinytain the stableness of the financial system and offers financial assistance to the countries banking institutions.Another responsibility is to oversee the economic stability of employment within the nations interests. Another responsibility of the Federal Reserve System of the United States is to stabilize the price of goods and services. The Federal Reserve System is responsible for overseeing and supervising the financial institutions operating within the United States territorial jurisdiction. In addition, the Federal Reserve System is responsible for conducting research to maintain the current state of economy and help keep it running.While it carries out its responsibilities, the Federal Reserve is independent of the main government body and is not involved with the governments day-to- day operations. Members of the board argon appointed by the President. Also, any profits the Federal Reserve makes in revenue, are returned to the United States Treasury. The Federal Reserve was created to be protected from short-run political and economic pressures. The Reserve System operates on its own revenues and not money appropriated by Congress. The earnings come from interest earned from its portfolio and from money received for services provided to financial institutions.The Federal Reserve System is located in our nations capital, Washington D. C. It is the Overruling financial power of the U. S. The FED has the sole power to regulate all related policy. This includes things such as fixed income rates, and then deciding factors of the supply of money. The Federal Reserve System is comprised of twelve Federal Banks scattered throughout the country. Each Bank is given sole power over all commercial banks in its area. These banks oversee that all banks in its district comply with any and all rules and regulations.

Human nature as reflected in Macbeth Essay

Hu manhood nature has sparked much debate throughout history. Some people think that adult male nature at birth is absolutely good and that all evil comes from postnatal education or the negative effects of parental or guardian interaction. This idea is unequivocal in a Chinese saying which translates as Men at their birth are naturally good. Conversely some people argue that human nature is initially evil, and provide an example by citing the observation that when a soulfulness is very young, he or she always and only asks for food and is so-so(p) to the feelings of former(a)s.Such a view interprets this phenomenon to indicate that human nature is originally selfish. It seems clear that Shakespeare may have favored the second perspective because in Macbeth it clear shows that human nature is selfish, and even though postnatal education can change a humans mind, it can only reduce or hide his or her selfish nature to some extent, and in addition, the selfish nature will most lik ely be present when it is activated or spurred by certain circumstances.My idea about human nature is reflected in Shakespeares character, Macbeth, who initially is a true-blue general to his king, Duncan, and valiantly protects his king and land also showing nobility and little indication of his darker side. In Act 1 Scene 2, it is clear that Macbeth was a brave soldier who ignored the jeopardy he was in, for brave Macbeth disdaining Fortune, with his brandished steel, which smoked with bloody execution, like valours minion, carved out his passage till he faced the rebel leader. Macbeths heroic deed demonstrates that he was loyal to his country and the king who calls him a peerless kinsman and appears to trust Macbeth. However, by and by meeting tierce witches, Macbeth thinks of murdering Duncan although he wonders to himself why he has murderous thoughts.Despite his earlier surprise about his thoughts when he is told by the witches that he will become king Macbeth, prompted b y his wifes boost and also her disdain at what she calls his cowardice, his brain sickliness when he further hesitates decide to murder Duncan. On second thoughts he again hesitates and almost convinces himself that he should non murder the king with various reasons one of them was that Macbeth was Duncans kinsman and also his subject, so Macbeth should always try to protect the king as he states offset, as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed.(Act 1 Sc, 7)Before Macbeths desire of pursuing kingship became uncontrollable, Macbeth was still trying to restrain himself from committing the deed and decides to remain loyal stating that his only reason to cut down Duncan was to fulfill his ambition. Shakespeare does not tell audiences where Macbeths loyalty originated. However, in Act 1 Scene 6, Macbeth constantly expresses his gratitude to Duncan which indicates his appreciation for the crude title of Thane of Cawdor which the king gave him, and the honour he attained when Duncan came to his castle. It is evident that even though these expressions were Macbeths mask to hide his real plan, Macbeth still hesitated before he did the murder. It represents that he was somewhat reluctant to kill the king and his loyalty was from a profound sense of responsibility.However, the presence of three witches and their predictions spurred his selfish nature along with the upbraiding of his wife three witches said that Macbeth would be Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor, and king step by step. In Act 1 Scene 3, right after the first ii predictions really came true, Macbeth stated to himself, If good, why do I yield to that suggestion whose horrid image doth unfix my hair and make my seated heart knock at my ribs, against the use of nature? This quotation illustrates that the murder plan of Duncan had already settled in Macbeths brain. He did not do the murder immediately because he still needed a further spur to make him put his plans into actions. When Lady Macbeth persuaded Macbeth to kill the king, Macbeth could not resist the desire to pursue the kingship and the great effect he would like to get as a result. Macbeth killed the king and obtained the kingship. For convincing Macbeth, Lady Macbeth mainly used pathos to spark Macbeths self-esteem, his confidence and his anger. First of all, she stated that if Macbeth did not dare to do the murder, he was an animal but not a man. She also said that when Macbeth dared to do it, he was a man if he went one step further by doing what he dared to do before, he would be much more than a man What beast was t, then, that make you break this enterprise to me?When you durst do it, then you were a man and to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man. These words really make Macbeth feel shame, and anger, and also the desire to show himself that he was a real man was prompted by his self-seeking, egotistical selfish nature. Without human logic, people, including Macb eth, find it much easier to do some irrational things such as murder. Secondly, Macbeth did have the desire to be king, but he still worried about his future life after the murder even when his desires were fulfilled. Lady Macbeth told her husband that the murder would not be a failure if he dared to do it commenting We fail? But screw your resolution to the sticking-place, and well not fail. This was a guarantee of success for Macbeth it actually reduced Macbeths concern about his future life after the murder.Lady Macbeths convincing words are considered the circumstance that activated the selfish and evil part in Macbeths mind. At this moment, Macbeth really changed his mind and the evil part in his brain arose indeed. In the dagger soliloquy, Macbeth saw a dagger, which was leading him towards Duncans bedroom in front of him. He said Come, let me heap thee. I have thee not, and yet I see thee still this part does tell the audience that Macbeth was not one hundred percent ready to kill but his mind had already encompassed the deed. At the end of this scene, Macbeth finally screwed his courage to the sticking point and decided to do the murder as he stated to himself I go, and it is done.The bell invites me. Hear it not Duncan, for it is a knell that summons thee to heaven or the hell. In Macbeths mind, to contest the kingship was more important than anything else at this moment. His selfish nature was adequately exposed by his murder plan for Duncan however, it was only the first step because to sustain his rule, he was going to kill other people even though they were his friends since he was so strongly self-seeking became evil enough to murder anyone who stood in his was..After Macbeth acknowledged that his own children would not be the king, but instead, Banquos descendants would become kings, this issue became the most critical one in his brain. Thus, instead of being merciful to his old friend, Macbeth commanded three murderers to kill Banquo and Ban quos son, Fleance, as they returned to the castle. As a result, three murderers killed Banquo, but Fleance escaped. This foul and tragic deed seemed very useful for Macbeth to sustain his rule all over Scotland. In the meantime, Macbeths selfish nature was clearly evident and he believed the witches prophecy that no one could kill him who was of woman born which made him positive he could stay in control.His selfish, selfseeking nature was at a peak, and he even seemed indifferent to his wifes death. However, things will go up to the opposite side when it becomes extreme. In Act 3 Scene 4, Macbeth started to see hallucinations of Banquo during the feast, which refers that Macbeth was threatened by his own deed that made him feel guilty and upset. afterwards on, at the end of this play, Lady Macbeth also became crazy because the people saw that she sleepwalked with a candle and viewed all the bad deeds she had done. Thus, it is clear that when a person has extreme and uncontrolla ble selfishness, it also brings more or less disasters to himself.In conclusion, Macbeths changing process sufficiently proves that human nature is selfish and sometimes evil it can only hide in humans mind but can never be wholly eliminated. In addition, in some circumstances, this kind of selfish nature can be recalled and create some terrible results. Evolutionary theory indicates that we have originated from primitive organisms that also produced dinosaurs and crocodiles. As the offspring of such bloody forebears, we have their genes and our bloody nature is even beyond theirs. Macbeths greedy and selfish nature was activated by his wife and the witches then he created catastrophe to others and also to himself. As wise animals, we should restrict our selfish nature and control ourselves otherwise, we will continue to create tragedies of death and desolation to satisfy ourselves.

How Do You Think the Asian Passenger Air Transport

The Asiatic rider advertize transport marketplace will stable and growing rapidly. The latest Airbus Global Market suppose (GMF), released in celestial latitude 2010, shows that key drivers for the marketplace are the replacement of aircraft for newer more eco-efficient models in mature markets, high-energy growth in new emerging markets, the come on growth of low-cost carriers particularly in Asia-Pacific and Europe, further market liberalisation and capacity growth on existing routes.In 2010, views on whether low-fare airlines would continue to pageant in Asia varied. Three factors regulation, population demographics, and socioeconomic trends -drove this calculus. Although the target consumer base for AirAsia was enormous -more than 500 million good deal lived within three hours of AirAsias hubs in Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok, more than Western Europes entire population -the failure of Asias regulatory surround to stay on pace and the uncertain demand for low-fare services cr eated uncertainty.Those who sold airplanes, airports or advice tended to be of the opinion that low-fare carriers would redraw Asias socioeconomic map, offering affordable international travel to millions and thereby fostering the integration of a region split up by water, politics, and poor infrastructure. Analysts who saw a large and growing market predicted that budget airlines would tap restrain demand among less affluent Asians, who typically travelled by bus and hardly expected attentive service.Since the global parsimoniousness peaked in the second half of 2006 and even during the recession of 2008-2009, Asian carriers had seen increase success. Were seeing that people in Asia travel as soon as they have some plain money in their pocket, said Don Birth, president and chief executive officer of Abacus, a dispersal services provider) Although average incomes were demean in Asia than in Europe, Timothy Ross, an analyst for UBS, said that the regions lower average incomes should boost rather than constrain demand for cheap fares.Other analysts argued that there had traditionally been likewise few bilateral agreements that allowed new low-fare carriers to fly between countries and too few of the satellite airports that the airlines needed to keep costs low. In that vein, budget airlines such as AirAsia were hoping for increased cross-border travel in the wake of the December 2008 Asean open skies agreement. The agreement allowed carriers based in the region to make unlimited flights between all 10 Asean member states. Although it would be 2015 before the agreement was fully implemented, it was a positive step forward.For instance, in January 2010, the Indonesian Transportation Ministry announced it was gearing up for the countrys full participation in the Asean air transport relaxation method plan and intended to inc1ude five of Indonesias twenty-seven international airports in the implementation. Although this was only a small proportion, it was a symbolic start. Liberalization tends to be infectious, and the germs of change are in the air, concluded Peter Harbison, the executive lead of the Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation. As more and more countries opened their skies, AirAsia was quick to start cross-border mutual ventures, close to notably in Thailand and Indonesia. AirAsia prompted increased rider travel with its 2007-2008 To Malaysia with Love campaign. The campaign celebrated 50 geezerhood of nationhood for Malaysia, and offered travelers affordable fares starting from MYR0. 50 (about 15 cents), available for all destinations to/from its Malaysian hubs. ,,36 Cheaper airfares were also made assertable by the low-cost carrier terminal at Kuala Lampur Airport, with a throughput of about 10 million passengers annually. yet though, external, industry-wide challenges -particularly the escalating cost of fuel -also posed a threat to AirAsia. As the lowest cost carrier in the world, the compevery suffered more from high fuel prices, as they were a high percentage of total costs, than any other airline (assuming similar equipment and seat density). Surcharges and baggage fees covered some of this but the airline was informed that if it loaded on the full charge, it might find no demand on some flights due(p) to a high base price (e. g. inimum or zero fare plus taxes, fees and surcharges).To offset this eventuality, AirAsia did a lot to improve operations and efficiency and also saw the benefits of the fuel efficient Airbus 320 help to apply its low-fares brand position. To retain its cost advantage in the wake of the global recession, AirAsia entered into an alliance in January 2010 with Jetstar, the low-fare appurtenant of Australias flag carrier, Qantas. This was the first time two leading budget airlines had collaborated in this fashion.The alliance allowed the companies to explore joint aircraft purchasing, passenger and ground handling services cooperation and the transportation of each ot hers passengers in the event of a disruption. presume the focus of the alliance was on cost sharing for services and aircraft procurement, it might prove effective. AirAsia had played the plot of land very well and had ambitious growth plans to keep ahead of the pack. Time would tell if Fernandes and his team could advance the companys position as Asias -or perhaps the globes -most successful budget airline.But what were the business implications for AirAsia if oil prices remained above $ coke a barrel for the foreseeable future? Little possibility. Between slim and none The pattern in other regions suggested that once rules start to relax, growth follows. In the United States, the upsurge of budget carriers saw passenger numbers rise nearly 50 per cent in the five years following deregulation, compared with quartette per cent for traditional airlines. In 2010, low-fare carriers now had more than a third of the market. In Australia, Virgin luscious took only three years to win a 30 per cent market share.The growth of low-fare carriers had owing(p) potential to spill over into the broader tourist and business travel economy having more air passengers generates higher demand for hotel rooms. This connection had been seen in Australia, where Virgin Blue took nearly one-third of the domestic market from Qantas Air expressions (which responded in part by setting up Jetstar). This resulted in a sharp upturn in demand for economy hotels, such as Accor. In many cases, its entirely new business that wouldnt have happened if it werent for cheap air tickets, commented Peter Hook, general manager for communications at Accor Asia Pacific. In addition, low-fare carriers might offer options for Asian travelers to mix business with pleasure, as many North American and European business travelers did, by extending trips or bringing family members to accompany them. Ultimately, Fernandes pointed out, budget airlines in Asia had an advantage in that Asia had almost no inter regional highways and no high-velocity international rail. Theres a lot of sea in between, he said. Air travel is the only way to develop interconnectivity in Asia.

Hasty Generalisation

Hasty generalization (Anecdotal) Definition Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a pattern that is inadequate (usu each(prenominal)y because it is atypical or just to a fault small). Stereotypes about people (librarians argon shy and smart, wealthy people are snobs, etc. ) are a common example of the principle underlying precipitant generalization. Example My roommate said her philosophy mannequin was voiceless, and the one Im in is hard, too. All philosophy classes must be hard Two peoples have a go at its are, in this case, not enough on which to base a conclusion.The person committing the fallacy is misusing the following type of reasoning, which is k right awayn diversely as Inductive Generalization, Generalization, and Statistical Generalization 1. X% of all observed As are Bs. 2. thus X% of all As are Bs. The fallacy is committed when not enough As are observed to phiz the conclusion. If enough As are observed then the reasoning is not fal lacious. Tip Ask yourself what kind of sample youre using Are you relying on the opinions or experiences of just a few people, or your own experience in just a few situations?If so, consider whether you need more evidence, or perhaps a less sweeping conclusion. (Notice that in the example, the more modest conclusion Some philosophy classes are hard for some students would not be a hasty generalization. ) Here are some more examples of hasty generalisations fallacies. See if you can identify the fallacy and write this in the following format A meat B. We will then discuss what is wrong with each one 1. lodge You know, those feminists all hate men. Joe really? Bill Yeah.I was in my philosophy class the other day and that Rachel chick gave a presentation. Joe Which Rachel? Bill You know her. Shes the one that runs that feminist group over at the Womens Center. She said that men are all sexist pigs. I asked her why she believed this and she said that her last few boyfriends were real sexist pigs. Joe That doesnt sound identical a good reason to believe that all of us are pigs. Bill That was what I said. Joe What did she aver? Bill She said that she had seen enough of men to know we are all pigs.She obviously hates all men. Joe So you think all feminists are like her? Bill Sure. They all hate men. 2. Our English teacher do us ready read some poetry last year, and it was really boring. I know now that I will never like poetry 3. Fred the Australian, stole my wallet. Thus, all Australians are thieves. 4. I asked sextette of my friends what they thought of the new taxes and they agreed that they are a good idea. The new taxes are therefore broadly popular. 5. All swans are white. 6.Critical thinking is not part of my university application therefore Critical mentation has no value After the discussion write 2 or 3 examples of ad hominem/tu qouques of your own. India is the country with the largest population therefore Indian people love to have sex Han Eol is good at badminton therefore all Koreans are good at badminton The Virginia Tech Massacre was done by a Korean, therefore all Koreans are terrorists James Koay gets good grades therefore all Asians are smart Blondes are dumb therefore Carrie Sharp is dumb

Acquainted with the Night by Robert Frost Essay

Walking al iodine at night, for some, locoweed seem like a peaceful thing to do, to help clear a souls mind and let the days troubles disappear into the dark. For early(a)s, though, the night is when a person feels the roughly al iodine and must face their aver demons. Robert Frost makes the night become that dark, grim and depressing magazine in which peck reflect on themselves in his poem Acquainted with the iniquity.The first clock time reading the poem, single that simply thinks a person is taking a walk at night in the city, keeping to themself when meeting the watchman and listening to the sounds on the streets around, each(prenominal) the while keeping time by the moon in the chuck out as to when to head back home. But, when taking a closer look, the reader can begin to see the pain, grief and the foreboding feeling the utterer has roughly life itself, the feeling of being alone and wanting it to stay that way. It also shows that the speaker isnt the yet per son with pain and grief on this night.The theme of Robert Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night is depression and grief in the speakers personal life. Frost tells us this by using symbolism and step in the flexures of the poem. I have walked off in rain and back in rain. The second line in the poem tells the reader that what perpetually troubles the speaker is having or has had is so much for this person, that when they walk in the night, it doesnt matter what the weather is, they leave walk and walk all night through the rain, nerve-racking to out walk their troubles.The rain can also symbolize life itself, forever pouring one thing after another(prenominal) on a person, one stress after another, one heartbreak after another, and sometimes no matter how strong a person is, they can never happen away from that rain. The following line, I have outwalked the furthest city light. tells the reader, in the literal sense, that the speaker also does not care about the distance as to which they will walk to try to leave their troubles behind. Or it can symbolize that no matter how far a person goes in life, there is always trouble waiting. I have looked down the saddest city lane. shows the reader that the speaker, though physically alone, isnt all that alone in the grimness of life.The lane the speaker is looking down gives the reader the picture that it is hang in down, abandoned almost and in time probably poverty stricken. The reader sees that the speaker isnt the only one with trouble and depression, it surrounds the speaker but the he sees himself as alone in that he is wrapped up in his own feelings and thoughts. Even when the speaker passes the watchman on the treet, he doesnt want to apologize why he is out at night and averts his eyes so that maybe he will get by without being stopped. The speaker wants to keep the solitude he has in his mind integral so he wants to avoid even speaking to the watchman. The lines 7 through 10 go more(prenomina l) in depth of the speakers feelings of solitude and isolation while he is out in the night I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet When far away an interrupted call out Came over houses from another street, but not to call me back or say good-byeThe 7th line shows that the speaker sincerely is all alone out there when walking there are no other sounds of people walking or going about on the street he is walking down. The speaker walking alone reflects how he feels in his everyday life, alone, no one to walk with him and take on the troubles of life. But, he isnt too far away from others because he can hear a cry from another lost soul dealing with their own turmoil. The lines 8 to 9 make the entire poem come across as almost horrific, because the reader then wonders what kind of cry is it that the speaker is perceive?Is the sound of some crime? Or just another person in and dealing with their own hell? Then the final lines of the poem bring home the morbid tone of the e ntire piece. grade 11, And further still at an unearthly height symbolizes how the speaker feels about how out of reach and out of touch he is with his surroundings and possibly with life itself. The lines 12 and 13, One luminary clock against the sky / Proclaimed the time was neither wrong nor right. makes the reader feel the dark tone of the poem even more.The reader, at this point, is brought closer to understanding the speakers feeling of loneliness and solitude because that is how most people feel, no matter when it is, it is never the right time or the wrong time for almost anything. It feels as if one can almost never make the right call as to when to do something in their life that is important. The line 13 makes the reader wonder if the speaker is considering suicide, that the speaker is wondering if the time is ever right for committing suicide, or is it ever right for living life.The repeated line I have been one acquainted with he night as the first and last lines of t he poem is the final piece that really sets the tone of darkness for the poem as a whole. Night is usually acquainted with darkness, scary things, loneliness, solitude, lugubriousness and even depression. So the simple line brings to light the deepness of the inability of the speaker not being able to find things in common with those around him, not being able to open up and discuss himself and his feelings and thoughts. He has known trouble and pain, and doesnt know how to leave it behind, so he carries it with him so that even during the day, he feels as if he is always in the darkness of night.Overall, Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night is a poem that can be taken just literally, or symbolically. It depends on the kind of outlook on life each person that reads the poem has. Some might not see the symbolism of the feelings of darkness, isolation and grief, while others see it right away. But either way, the reader can still feel the dark tone of the poem whether it is the first time reading it, or the hundredth, just from the beginning and ending lines, I have been one acquainted with the night.

Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Land Use Change

SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF LAND USE CHANGE THE CASE OF CALAMBA CITY, LAGUNA A Research Proposal I. INTRODUCTION A. Signifi bearce of the Study buck and its pulmonary tuberculosiss are essential to each mannikin communities. E genuinely person is shaped in a range of ways by the globescape in which they live, and the products and resources produced on the disgrace. Land and its practises are particularly important for rural communities, where more people are promptly dependent on domain for their livelihood, and the way grime is expendd has a central role in defining the identity of an area and its community.Land as defined by FAO (1976) is an area of earths summon, the contributionistics which cut through all reasonably stable or predictably cyclic attributes of the biosphere vertically above and below this area, including those of the atmosphere, the smirch, the vestigial geology, the hydrology, the plant and animal tribe and the results of the p ast and return human activity, to the extent that these attributes influence on the present and future ingestion of the place down.Land is an important element on earth that is involved in all(prenominal) human activity. This refers to primer design. Land utilisation defined in this way establishes a direct touch on between degrade coer and the actions of people in their environment (Di Gregorio & Jansen, 1998). In restrictive terms, it refers to those activities of man on, in, over and under the earths surface that tend to counterchange the lifelike assign of the impart (Serote, 2004). Land use change is a general term for the human modification of Earths terrestrial surface.Though humans choose been modifying commonwealth to obtain food and new(prenominal) essentials for thousands of years, current rates, extents and intensities of land use change are upstage greater than ever in history, driveway unprecedented changes in ecosystems and environmental processes at local anesthetic, regional and international scales. These changes encompass the greatest environmental concerns of human populations today, including temper change,bio kindloss and the pollution of water, soils and air (Williams et al. , 2008).Land use change advise either be by natural cause or man induced. Land use changes made in land imply impact both on human and environment. In socioeconomic terms, land is unrivaled of three major factors of issue in classical economics (a farsighted with labor and capital) and an essential input for ho utilise and food production. Thus, land use is the backbone of agricultural economies and it provides substantial economic and tender benefits. Land use renascence is necessary and essential for economic development and social progress.This land use conversion results to land use change. Environmentally speaking, landuse changes are arguably the most permeative socioeconomic force driving changes and degradation of ecosystems. Deforesta tion, urban development, agriculture, and other human activities have substantially alter the Earths landscape. Such disturbance of the land falls important ecosystem processes and services, which can have wideranging and longterm consequences.There are already studies that have been conducted to determine the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of land use changes in their own respective localities or area of interest. It has been one of the major issues today. correspond to Sala et al. , (2000) land-use changes are so permeative that, when aggregated ball-shapedly, they significantly affect key aspects of Earth body functioning. They directly impact biotic diversity creative activitywide contribute to local and regional climate change (Chase et al. , 1999) as well as to global climate warming (Houghton et al. 1999) are the primary source of soil degradation (Tolba et al. , 1992) and, by altering ecosystem services, affect the ability of biological systems to support hum an needs (as cited by Lambin et al. , 2001). Calamba, as a fast outgrowth urban center in Laguna had made different land use changes in its locality. Land use changes here occur due to different conversion of agricultural based lands into industrial and commercial uses. various natural phenomenon like flooding contributed also it the changes in land in Calamba. With this development, there are many impacts that took place.In this study, it would primarily focus on the impacts of land-use change in ten different barangays of Calamba city, Laguna. Identifying the impacts of land-use change would help the local government unit to make necessary actions to either improve dictatorial or prevent negatively charged impacts in the said locality. Proper policy actions can be developed, too. The results of the study will provide information to researchers, planners and decision makers for better comprehensive land use planning. B. Review of Literature This section has literature link up to the research study.Different books, journal articles floors were investigated to conceptualize and explore knowledge gap in the study of land use change at the local context Land-use and land- pass change induced by both human activities and natural feedbacks have converted epic proportion of the planets land surface (Shi, 2008). Land occasion and Land Use Change Every parcel of land on the Earths surface is unique in the cover it possesses. Land use and land cover are distinct yet closely linked characteristics of the Earths surface. Land use is the manner in which human beings use the land and its resources.Examples of land use include agriculture, urban development, grazing, logging, and mining. In contrast, land cover describes the physical state of the land surface. Land cover categories include cropland, forests, wetlands, pasture, roads, and urban areas. The term land cover originally referred to the kind and state of vegetation, such as forest or grass cover, but it has broadened in subsequent customs duty to include human structures such as buildings or pavement and other aspects of the natural environment, such as soil theatrical role, biodiversity, and surface and stainwater (Meyer, 1995).Land use affects land cover and changes in land cover affect land use. A change in either, however, is not necessarily the product of the other. Changes in land cover by land use do not necessarily imply a degradation of the land. However, many transmutation land use patterns, driven by a shape of social causes, result in land cover changes that affect biodiversity, water and radiation budgets, trace gas emissions and other processes that, cumulatively, affect global climate and biosphere (Riebsame, Meyer, & Turner, 1994).Land cover can be altered by forces other than anthropogenic. Natural events such as weather, flooding, fire, climate fluctuations, and ecosystem dynamics may also initiate modifications upon land cover. Globally, land cover today is altered in general by direct human use by agriculture and livestock raising, forest harvesting and management, and urban and suburban construction and development. There are also incidental impacts on land cover from other human activities such as forests and lakes damaged by acid rain from fossil fuel combustion (Meyer, 1995).Changes in land cover driven by land use can be categorize into two fibers modification and conversion. Modification is a change of condition within a cover type for example, unmanaged forest modified to a forest managed by selective cutting. Significant modifications of land cover can occur within these patterns of land cover change. Conversion is a change from one cover type to another, such as deforestation to create cropland or pasture.Conversion land cover changes such as deforestation have been the focus of many global change research agendas (Riebsame, Meyer and Turner, 1994). Serote in 2004 stated that conversion of land on the other hand can b e classified into irreversible and reversible conversion. It is reversible if the soil cover and landforms are not substantially changed and therefore present a variety of options for future use (for example croplands can be converted to pastures and reverted to croplands again as the need arises).Irreversible conversion occurs when the original character of the land is changed to such a degree that the reversal to its former use or condition becomes very difficult if not impossible. Example of this is open pit mining and quarrying. The loss of rainforests throughout the tropical regions of the world as a result of deforestation for timber resources and conversion to agricultural lands has become a report of global attention with the aid of widespread media coverage. Research specialists such as Skole and Tucker (1993), Skole et al. (1994), and Kummer and Turner (1994) exercise extensive studies in an attempt to bring further attention to this situation by focusing on the social implications and the environmental degradation associated with tropical deforestation in the Amazon of South America and in Southeast Asia. Yet, with all the research, awareness, and attention of the world, this potentially devastating phenomenon continues. Modeling land use change In a research study made by Lim, Pijanowski and Engel in 2005, they employed a land use model called Land Transformation Model (LTM).The LTM model is designed to forecast land use change over large regions. It relies on GIS, artificial neural network routines (ANNs), remote sleuthing and customized geo spacial tools. The driving variables include a variety of social, political and environmental factors, such as distance to transportation, proximity to amenities (such as rivers, lakes, and recreational site), density of surrounding agriculture, exclusive zones, and population growth. Information derived from an historical analysis of land use change is used to conduct forecast studies.The model is a desk top computer application, and it primarily follows four sequential steps (1) processing/coding of data to create spatial layers of predictor variables (2) applying spatial rules that relate predictor variables to land use transitions for each location in an area the resultant layers integrate input variables values in grid format (3) integrating all input grids using one of the three techniques, including multi-criteria evaluation, ANNs, and logistic regression and (4) temporally scaling the amount of transitions in the study area in order to create a time series of possible future land uses.Detailed descriptions of the LTM can be found elsewhere (Pijanowski et al. , 2000) The LTM model has been applied and validated in a variety of locations around the world to help understand what factors are most important to land use changes and to sham land use change in the past, present and future (Pijanowski et al. , 2000). It also offers the ability to link changes in land use to ecologi cal process models, such as groundwater flow and solute transport (Boutt et al. , 2001) and forest cover change (Brown et al. , 2000). urbanization and Land Use ChangeAt least two broad urbanization pathways lead to different impacts on rural landscapes. In the developed world, large-scale urban agglomerations and extended peri-urban settlements fragment the landscapes of such large areas that various ecosystem processes are threatened. Ecosystem fragmentation, however, in peri-urban areas may be offset by urban-led demands for conservation and recreational land uses (Sack, 1992). urbanization affects land change elsewhere through the transformation of urban-rural linkages. Urbanization in the less-developed world outbids all other uses for land adjacent to the city, including prime croplands.Cities attract a significant proportion of the rural population by way of permanent and circulatory migration, and the wages earned in the city are practically remitted by migrants to rural h omelands, in some cases transforming the use of croplands and creating remittance landscapes. Perhaps most importantly, this urbanization changes ways of life ultimately E. F. Lambin et al. , (2001) associated with demographic transitions, increasing expectations slightly consumption, and potentially a weakened understanding of productionconsumption relationships noted for the well-developed world.Rapid land-use changes often coincide with the incorporation of a region into an expanding world economy (Lambin, et al. , 2001). contrary Sensing In the broadest sense, remote sensing is the measurement or acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by a recording device that is not in physical or intimate border with the object. It is the utilization at a distance (as from aircraft, spacecraft, satellite, or ship) of any device for aggregateing information about the environment. The technique can make use of devices such as a camera, laser, radar, sonar, seismograph or a g ravimeter.Modern remote sensing normally includes digital processes but can be done as well with non-digital rules. temporary hookup all astronomy could be considered remote sensing (in fact, extremely remote sensing) the term remote sensing is normally only applied to terrestrial observations. Examples of remote sensing are very numerous. For example a. topographical maps were often produced from stereographic pairs of aerial photographs. Trained personnel would then trace the shape of the land into maps. b.Earthquakes are determined (after the fact) by comparing seismograms taken at different locations the relative intensity and precise timing digest information about the location and nature. c. Digital elevation maps can be produced by interferometric synthetic aperture radar, a process in which an aircraft, spacecraft or satellite passes over the target area while emitting a series of radar pulses. Combining the data from these pulses yields a detailed map containing inform ation about ground cover and possibly elevation or movement on a scale of centimeters.The data commonly covers a many kilometers wide (Gupta & Parakash 1998). Profile of the metropolis Calamba City is a first class city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. Situated only 54 kilometers south of Manila, about an hour by hired bus, Calamba City is a popular tourist destination with its hot spring resorts. It also an important raw industrial center in CALABARZON region as shown by the larger number of industrial set and business estates that are located in the city. According to 2006 census, it has a population of 360,281 inhabitants. CLUP, 2010-2015) It is reported that this city is among the fast-paced growing urban centers in the Region. Calamba city is famous for its historical tribute as the hometown of our national hero. According to the NAMRIA in 1999, residential sector takes up 48% of the total land area, while 44% is deal for Industrial use. The commercial sector only c onsumes 3% of the total land area the other 5% consist of other land uses. C. Objectives of the Study The general objective of this study is to determine the socio-economic and environmental impacts of land-use conversion at the local level.Specifically, this study endeavors 1) To map out the current land use situation of Calamba City using GIS (to see the historical land use situation of the said locality) 2) To identify both the positive and negative impacts of land-use conversion in six barangays of Calamba City 3) To identify causes of land-use conversions and land use change 4) To measure the existing policy and mitigation strategies to the impacts of land use conversion and 5) To propose recommendations on comprehensive land use planning of Calamba City.D. Date and Place of Study The survey and other data gathering method (Key informant interviews and focus group discussion) will be conducted from June, 2012 to August, 2012 in selected barangays in Calamba City. Analysis and interpretation of data will be done from September, 2012 to November 2012. The researcher aims to finish the study by January, 2013. II. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY A. Materials Secondary Maps of 150,000 scale (Topographic, Land Use/Land Cover, semipolitical boundary) Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Calamba City Satellite Imagery (30 meters soundness Terralook ASTER cipher) Geographic Information System (GIS) Software (ArcInfo Desktop) Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver Semi-structured questionnaires B. Methodology Secondary data collection Secondary data will be self-contained primarily from the City of Calamba, Laguna to serve as baseline information for the study area.These shall include the CLUP report of Calamba City, secondary baseline maps in digital and print format (Topographic, Land Use/Land Cover, Political boundary). Other pertinent information (demographic, economic) shall be likewise collected and consolidated from other government agencies (Nationa l Statistics Coordination Board, division of Interior and Local Government etc. ). Primary data collection The freely downloadable 30 meters resolution satellite imagery will be requested from United State Geological Society (USGS) website (http//glovis. usgs. gov). This shall be utilized in the generation of p-to-date land use map of the study area. ArcInfo Desktop GIS software shall be utilized in the generation of the baseline maps, spatial analyses and land use classification. All GIS maps shall have general Transverse Mercator (UTM) North Zone 51 format projection and WGS1984 datum. Unsupervised image classification. An unsupervised image classification will be done for aster satellite imagery. This image classification will serve as the basis for the supervised classification. These classifications will be validated thru ground truthing and high-resolution satellite imagery of google earth.Supervised classification. The readying units or signatures of the different land use s will be prepared in ArcInfo Desktop by digitizing at least 100 polygons for each land uses. Supervised image classification will proceed using maximum likelihood method for the final landuse maps. Household survey, Key Informant Interview and Focus conclave Discussions (FGD). Key Informant Interview (KII) will be conducted to selected LGU officials of the City of Calamba with emphasis on the issues and concerns related to land use, as well as the perceived socio-economic impacts of land use in their locality.Similarly, a Focus group Discussion (FGD) will be done to gather relevant information base on the consensus of indiscriminately selected barangay officials and residents of the City of Calamba. A random household survey will also be conducted using semi-structured questionnaire to gather basic household demographic information, as well as knowledge and perception on the socio-economic impacts of land use change. III. BUDGETARY REQUIREMENTS Particulars Estimated Cost Remarks I.Data Gathering A. Travel Php 9,000. 00 Includes ground truthing and validation B. Supplies and Materials 4,000. 00 C. Sundries 1.Contractual services (field guide, enumerators) 12,000. 00 Hiring of field guides and enumerator 2. Photocopying 1,000. 00 II. Writing of Thesis A. Computerization/Typing 4,000. 00 III.Reproduction/Printing 6,000. 00 TOTAL Php36,000. 00 REFERENCES Food and Agiculture Organization. 1976. Land quality indicators aspects of land use, land, soil and plant nutrients. Rome, Italy (Retrieved from http//www. fao. org/docrep/W4745E/w4745e0b. htm) Gupta, R. P. , & Prakash, A. 998, Reflection aureoles associated with thermal anomalies due to subsurface mine fires in the Jharia Coalfield, India. supranational daybook of Remote Sensing, pp. 2619-2622. Lambin, E. F. , Turner II, B. L. , Geist, H. J. , Agbola, S. B. , Angelsen, A. , Bruce, J. W. , et al. , 2001. The causes of land-use and land-cover change moving beyond the myths. Global En vironmental Change 11 (4), 261269. Meyer, W. B. 1995. bypast and Present Land-use and Land-cover in the U. S. A. (Retrieved from http//www. gsdi. rg/gsdiconf/gsdi10/papers/TS48. 1paper. pdf) Serote, E. M. 2004. Property, patrimony, and territory Foundations of Land Use planning in the Philippines. School of Urban and Regional Planning, DIliman Quezon City. Shi, W. Z. 2008. Spatial Data Transformation in Urban Geographic Information Systems,Technologies and Applications in Urban Geographical Information Systems. Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House, 1996, pp. 59-69. Skole,D. L. & Tucker, C. J. 1993. Tropical deforestation and habitat fragmentation in the Amazon. Retrieved from http//www. ciesin. org/docs/002-115/002-115. html) Turner, B. L. & Meyer, W. B. 1991. Land use and land cover in global environmental change Considerations for study. International Social Sciences Journal 130, 669667 Williams, M. Richardson, D. , Reichstein, M. , Stoy, P. C. , Peylin, P. , et al. , 2008. Improving land surface models with Fluxnet data. Published in Biogeosciences. (Retrieved from http//www. geos. ed. ac. uk/homes/pstoy/WilliamsBG09. pdf) C. Detailed Schedule of Activities

Adolescence & Transition

Adolescent development does not necessarily honour a similar pattern for every individual as the multidimensional conformation spans through in a quite complex way. At a time of transit from childhood to adulthood traditionally, a period of rapid bodily maturement is flung upon the individual amidst brief periods of remission.In the last century however, the onset of physical qualify has occurred at increasingly younger mounts, increasing the likelihood that the psychosocial and cognitive changes will lag shadow (Neinstein, 2002). Physical changes thereby vary among adolescents as children of the same age critically vary in the growth and familiar development.For some, the rates of change occur and happen at different times as adolescents be intimate puberty in his/her own way and time. While it is interesting to observe pubertal changes in adolescents, the tremendous cycle brings about a cacophony of questions among the concerned age group. Some teens develop earlier tha n others and contend with changes earlier than others.For others, maturity may occur later than others and more pronounced is the variation of pubertal changes amidst males and females (Lerner and Galambos, 1998 414). Adolescents of the same age do not necessarily follow a similar pattern of change and the comparison is quite pronounced between both genders.In females, the Luteinizing Horm unitary stimulates the ovarian cells to produce androgens and progesterone and stimulates ovulation and follicle-stimulating hormone increases estrogen production earlier comp ard to males whose LH stimulates testosterone production and FSH stimulates gametogenesis at a later dress (Neinstein, 2002).The onset of puberty varies, as female pubertal development begins on fair at 11.2 eld of age (range 9.0 13.4) and lasts about 4 categorys while male puberty development begins on total at 11.6 years of age (range 9.5 13.5) (Rosen and Foster, 2001310.Up to and during puberty, girls develop phy sically and mature much faster than the male counter give (Brayer, 1986247).To say that adolescents encounter a lot of changes and challenges during this period of human development is an understatement. When each gender is marauded with variable levels of change, one goes through a critical give in a short period of transition from childhood to adulthood. We shall identify the changes for males and females across this developmental stage in order to arrive at a comparison between both wakenes.Physical ChallengesThe earliest signs of puberty for females include the emergence of physical changes that occur at different rates and intensity. On the average, breast budding along with pubic hair growth signals the sign phase of a females growth spurt that reaches its peak about one year and one month after breast development begins.Menarche, or the onset of menstruation starts typically one year after at an average age of 12 years old (Brayer, 1986 247). The male akin of menarche i s spermarche which is characterized by the first ejaculation of sperm (Beckett, 2002113).Testicular enlargement is the common physical sign along with pubic hair development which definitely varies among the male age group but interestingly, the onset is spermarche signals the initial phase of adolescent growth in males which is a stark comparison to the female gender.Females marked the initial stage of puberty with physical changes while males mark the onset of change through the development of secondary internal and reproductive characteristics (Brayer, 1986248). The fall outance of spermatozoa in males appears at a mean chronologic age of 13.4 as sperm begins to appear present in urine samples among teenage males (Greenspan and Gardner, 2004610).As adolescents increase in height and weight during this stage, growth is rapid where females tend to typically experience this growth spurt one-and-one-half to two years earlier than males and on average grow 23-28cm. Males experience a 2-year delay in bone closure as compargond to females, and this accounts in part for their greater growth in height.Females increase in body fat while males increase in lean body mass that can often cut to tripping and clumsiness. The variability of changes can be anxiety provoking for adolescents who tend to remain shorter than their friends as some experienced delayed puberty (Beckett, 2002 114).Cognitive ChallengesDuring adolescence are often unable to deal with remote, future or hypothetical problems and often encounter difficulty in predicting and anticipating future experiences. Such is consistent with Jean Piagets conception pf cognitive development as a rational process with rational outcomes (Moshman, 20051).Often, the adolescent render problems effectively dealing with abstract ideas and resort to daydreaming and increased self-interest. Adolescents likewise assume that others are as interested in them as many have an unrealistic view of themselves that can commonly le ad them to believe they are invincible and immune to the dangers that take place others (Beckett, 2002114).Young adolescents, at the beginning of this cognitive shift, have unrealistic career plans and for those who are exposed to disadvantaged situations, would lead to the beginning of feelings of hopelessness (Moshman, 20052).Moral and Psychosocial ChallengesAdolescence marks the movement from the conventional level of moral judgment to post-conventional (Neinstein, 2002). Early adolescents are typically in the conventional level of moral development as they are commonly prompt by the need to meet expectations of external factors such as opinion of friends (Strasburger, 2000 802).They have a special simple idea and concept and apprehension as they are heavily motivated on satisfy others. As a continuous process of experience boys and girls may follow a different thought pattern in moral development as most adolescents experience a moral crisis and partition (Adams and Berzon sky 2003247).In the 80s and 90s, many in the society had maintained that the society was in a moral crisis brought about by juvenile delinquency, adolescent drug and alcohol abuse and teenage maternalism (Berzonsky, 2003248). Society has however neglected the fact that transformations in moral judgment take on concentre during adolescence.The central developmental task during adolescence is developing a sense of identity with significant turning points of regulate and reshaping different roles, beliefs and commitments (Lerner and Galambos, 1998441). In a distinctly technological society, adolescents are faced with confronting the tasks and decisions amidst changing roles.At the early age of 11-13, females tend to start a separate identity from the family and build close relationships with peers primarily of the same sex (Scales, et al, 200029). For males, such challenges are encountered at the age of 12-14 year old as they become preoccupied with questions of normalcy yet begin c oncerning themselves with separation from members of the family. At a peak age of 14-16, most experiment with sexual experimentation, omnipotence leading to risky behaviors (Strasburger, 2000789).